Celecoxib(SC-58635,Celebrex):是1998年末美国FDA批准上市的第一个COX-2抑制剂.该药由美国Searle公司开发,其对COX-2和COX-1抑制作用的选择系数在400左右(COX-2:IC50=0.040μmol/L;COX-1:IC50=15.0 μmol/L)〔2〕.动物试验研究表明,本品具有与吲哚美辛相当的抗炎活性,而胃肠不良反应发生率很低.临床研究结果显示:患骨关节炎(OA)或类风湿性关节炎(RA)病人服用本品2或4周,两种病情均有明显改善;据128例健康自愿者服用本品100 mg或200 mg,一日两次,一周后检查,结果未发现胃肠道出血现象,而对照药萘普生胃肠道出血率近20%〔3〕.生产厂家曾声明该药的镇痛作用弱于扑热息痛〔4〕,但是近一年来临床试验证明,该药对牙痛有较好的治疗作用〔5〕.
Rofecoxib(MK-966,Vioxx):是1999年FDA批准上市的第二个新型COX-2抑制剂.该药由美国Merck公司开发,具有强效抗炎镇痛和解热活性,用于治疗骨关节炎和类风湿性关节炎,胃肠道耐受性良好.临床前药理研究结果显示,MK-966对角叉菜胶诱导的大鼠足趾肿有较强的抑制作用,ID50=1.5 mg/kg;对足趾痛觉过敏也有强的抑制作用,ID50=1.0 mg/kg;对佐剂关节炎的抑制强度ID50=0.74 mg。kg-1。日-1.胃肠道毒性实验表明,大鼠口服本品每天200 mg/kg,连续5 d没发现胃肠损伤〔6〕.临床上,把该药用于治疗牙科手术后的疼痛,50 mg剂量即表现出较强的镇痛作用〔7〕.药理和临床试验均表明,MK-966的解热活性与COX-1/COX-2双重抑制剂,如双氯芬酸或布洛芬等相当〔8〕,其镇痛活性与布洛芬对照无明显差别〔9〕.还有报道COX-2对结肠癌有一定的抑制作用〔10〕.
COX-2抑制剂抗炎药物的发现和应用,消除应用传统NSAIDs所带来的毒副作用,但是,也有临床报道表明:现已临床应用的COX-2抑制剂还有作用活性较低等弱点,也有Celebrex等引起胃肠道损伤等副作用的病历报道〔4〕.因此,对COX-2抑制剂的全面评价还有待时日;寻找新的高效低毒的COX-2抑制剂等抗炎药仍是该领域的重要和长远课题.■
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收稿日期:2000-02-24
