Comparative in vitro Activity of Ceftibuten
LIU JianCHEN YangHOU FangLI Jia-Tai
(Institute of Clinical Pharmacology,The First Teaching Hospital,Peking University,Beijing 100034)
AbstractOBJECTIVE:By in vitro studies we evaluated the antimicrobial activity of ceftibuten (CTB).METHODS:Ceftibuten against 836 strains of pathogens were isolated from patients and compared with ceftazidime,cefotaxime,cefuroxime,cefaclor,cephradine and ciprofloxacin.RESULTS:The results showed that ceftibuten was more active than the other oral cephalosporins for most gram negative strains including E.coli,Klebsiella spp,Proteus mirabilis,Salmonella spp,Shigella spp,Serratia marcescens,Enterobacte cloacae (MIC90≤1mg·L-1).The activity of cefibuten was equivalent to that of ceftazidime and cefotaxime against the above organisms.Cefibuten showed high activity against Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Haemophilus influenzae.Citrobacter freundii was less susceptible to both ceftibuten and ceftazidime (MIC90 8 mg·L-1).Acinetobacter calcoaceticus was resistant to ceftibuten (MIC90 32 mg·L-1).Ceftibuten showed mild activity against gram positive organism except Streptococcus pyogenes.The MIC50 and MIC90 of ceftibuten for Streptococcus pneumoniae were 2 mg·L-1 and 4 mg·L-1,respectively.Staphylococcus aureus,Enterococcus faecalis and Bacteroid fragilis were resistant to cetibuten.For E.coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae,MIC90 of ceftibuten were lower than that of the other third generation cephalosporins.CONCLUSION:The inoculum size,pH and concentration of serum protein did not influence the in vitro activity of ceftibuten.
Key wordsceftibuten;in vitro antibacterial activity;cephalosporins
头孢布烯 (头孢布坦,ceftibuten)是一个新的三代口服头孢菌素,对革兰阴性杆菌中的大多数肠杆菌科细菌、流感嗜血杆菌及淋病奈瑟菌均有较强的抗菌活性;对部分革兰阳性菌有效。本品对β-内酰胺酶有较好的稳定性。
本试验所用的头孢布烯(ceftibuten,7432-S,SCH39720,CTB)原粉由美国Schering(先灵葆雅)公司提供。试验目的是观察其体外抗菌作用,对最低抑菌浓度(MIC)、最低杀菌浓度(MBC)、杀菌曲线以及细菌接种量、培养基pH值和人血清对MIC的影响进行测定。
Fig.1Structure of ceftibuten
材料与方法
1.实验药品
头孢布烯(ceftibuten) Schering公司提供,批号:6M005,效价:881mg.g-1;头孢克肟(cefixime) 广州白云山制药总厂产品,效价:886mg.g-1;头孢他定(cefazidime),Glaxo公司,批号:B1224FA,效价:862 mg.g-1;头孢噻肟(cefotaxime),赫美罗公司,批号:961212,效价:983 mg.g-1;头孢呋辛(cefuroxime) 中国药品生物制品检定所提供标准品,效价:916 mg.g-1;头孢克罗(cefaclor) 中国药品生物制品检定所提供标准品,效价:947 mg.g-1;头孢拉定(cephradine) 中国药品生物制品检定所提供标准品,批号:0427-9502,效价:931 mg.g-1;环丙沙星(ciprofloxacin),日本 Dainippon公司提供,批号:R95001,效价:100 mg.g-1.
2.实验菌株
本试验所用菌株为近三年北京地区各医院临床分离的致病菌株共836株,并经我所细菌室统一重新鉴定。其中包括:大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)β-内酰胺酶阳性84株,大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)β-内酰胺酶阴性70株,肺炎克雷白杆菌(Klebsiella pneumoniae)β-内酰胺酶阳性59株,肺炎克雷白杆菌(Klebsiella pneumoniae)β-内酰胺酶阴性77株,奇异变形杆菌(Proteus mirabilis)36株,普通变形杆菌(Proteus ulgaris)32株,摩根菌(Morganella morganii)22株,伤寒沙门菌(Salmonella typhi)12株,其它沙门菌属(Salmonella spp)15株,宋内志贺菌(Shigella sonnei)23株,福氏志贺菌(Shigella flexneri)16株,阴沟肠杆菌(Enterobacter cloacae)22株,粘质沙雷菌(Serratia marcescens)20株,弗劳地枸橼酸杆菌(Citrobacter freundii)31株,乙酸钙不动杆菌(Acinetobacter calcoaceticus)22株,淋病奈瑟菌(Neisseria gonorrhoeae)51株,流感嗜血杆菌(Haemophilus influenzae)52株,甲氧西林敏感的金黄色葡萄球菌(MSSA)27株,肺炎链球菌(Streptococcus pneumoniae)52株,化脓性链球菌(Streptococcus pyogenes)53株,粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)30株,脆弱拟杆菌(Bacteroid fragilis)30株。
每次实验均以NCCLS规定标准质控菌(大肠杆菌ATCC25922、金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC29213)进行质量控制。质控菌随时进行分离鉴定,每周用药敏纸片法检测抑菌浓度,并同NCCLS提供的标准进行核对。
3.培养基与孵育条件
流感嗜血杆菌、淋病奈瑟菌在Difco公司的脑心浸液培养基中加入5%脱纤维羊血,制成巧克力培基,5%CO2环境中35℃孵育24h;肺炎链球菌在MH培养基中加入5%脱纤维羊血的血培基上,35℃5%CO2环境中孵育24h;化脓性链球菌和粪链球菌在MH培养基中加入5%脱纤维羊血的血培基上,35℃孵育24h;厌氧菌培养基为法国Bio-Merieux公司生产的厌氧菌培基中加入5%脱纤维羊血,在厌氧环境中(用法国Bio-Merieux公司的Generbox罐另加入Bio-Merieux的厌氧气袋,以钯粒为催化剂。)37℃孵育48h;其它革兰阴性菌均为MH培养基,37℃孵育16~18h。
4.实验方法
4.1最低抑菌浓度(MIC)测定
采用平皿二倍稀释法,被试菌悬液用Denley多点接种仪接种,细菌应用液浓度为5×105CFU.ml-1,37℃过夜培养。
4.2最低父菌浓度(MBC)测定
采用试管二倍稀释法,将系列稀释的抗生素溶液与菌应用液(105CFU.ml-1)混合,经37℃过夜孵育后,澄清的试管继续孵育6h再接种于不含抗生素的平皿中。经37℃,18h孵育,未见细菌生长的最低抗生素浓度为最低杀菌浓度(MBC mg.L-1)。
4.3杀菌曲线
在营养肉汤中加入一定浓度的待测抗生素及菌应用夜,使培养液中细菌的终浓度为106CFU.ml-1(对照管中不含抗生素)。取即刻,1,2,4,6,8,12及24h的培养物,进行菌落计数,并绘制杀菌曲线。
4.4对体外抗菌作用的影响因素
4.4.1细菌接种量影响
用平皿二倍稀释法测定头孢布烯对测试菌的不同菌量(104,105,106,107CFU.ml-1)对MIC值的影响。
4.4.2 培养基pH值的影响
用平皿二倍稀释法<
