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辽东檧木资源及其根皮的显微鉴别

2022-07-28
来源:求医网
摘要对分布在我国东北地区的药用植物辽东木的资源进行了调查,以光学显微镜对其根皮的组织和粉末进行了观察,其根的皮层较层,并含有大量的树脂道,粉末具有大量的淀粉粒及少量草酸钙结晶.

分类号R9310

The Resource Investigation and Microscopic Identification of Cortex ofAralia elata

Lu Jincai,Sun Qishi,Song Shaojiang,Wang Xinjiang

Department of Traditional Chinese Medicines,Shenyang Pharmaceutical University,Shenyang 110015

AbstractThe resource distribution of Aralia elata in northeast China were investigated.By means of the optical microscope,the features of histology and powder of cortex of this plant were first examined.In the cortex,threre are a large number of secretory ducts and a small quantity of druses of calcium oxalate.

Key wordsAralia elata;resource;cortex;microscopic identification

辽东木Aralia elata(Miq.)Seem.又名龙牙木,为五加科木属植物,在我国主要分布于东北地区,其药用部位为该植物的根皮,具有补气安神、强精滋肾、驱风活血、除湿止痛之功效〔1〕.现代药理学实验表明其根皮具有治疗肝损伤、降血糖、提高耐缺氧能力、抗心肌缺血和抗癌活性〔2〕.近年来国内外对其有效成分和药理活性方面的研究较多.而关于辽东木的资源及根皮的显微组织鉴别的研究未见报道.作者对辽东木资源及其根皮进行了研究,以利该植物的鉴别与正确使用.

1辽东檧木资源>

2辽东檧木根皮的显微鉴别

2.1横切面显微特征

木栓层由10~20列扁平细胞组成,排列紧密.皮层较厚,占横切面半径的近1/2,有列隙,并有树脂道散在,皮层薄壁细胞中含有大量淀粉粒及少量草酸钙簇晶.韧皮部细胞较皮层细胞排列紧密,也散在有树脂道,且比皮层部分多,树脂道内部含有黄褐色分泌物.形成层细胞较小,类长方形,并形成一个完整的环.见图1、2.

2.2粉末显微特征

粒末浅棕色a.木栓细胞类方形或多角形,壁薄,微带棕色.b.树脂道碎片呈管状,内含黄褐色滴状或块状分泌物.c.草酸钙簇晶较多,棱角较锐尖,直径18~71 μm.d.淀粉粒较多,单粒类球形,复粒由2~3个分粒组成,直径1~4 μm,脐点和层纹不明显.见图3.

Fig.1The diagram of cross section of cortex of Aralia elata

1—Phellen;2—Secretory duct;3—Cortex;4—Crack;5—Seriate ray;6—Druse of calcium oxalate;7—Cambium

Fig.2The detail drawing of cross section of cortex of Aralia elata

1—Phellem;2—Druse of calcium oxalate;3—Crack;4—Cortex;5—Secretoryduct;6—Pholem;7—Cambium

Fig.3The microscopic characteristics of Aralia elata cortex powder

1—Cork cell;2—Secretory duct;3—Druse of calcium oxalate;4—Starch grain

3小结

参考文献

1江苏新医学院.中药大辞典.上海:上海人民出版社,1977.2583

2张昌纯,苏李.东北木的化学成分及其药理作用.吉林医药工业,1989,(3~4):14~16

收稿日期:1999-10-22