《中国图书资料分类法》分类号R392.33
A Simple Method for the Propagation and Purification of γδ T Cells and Studies on Their Anti-Tumor Function
Ma Anlun, Ge Hailiang, Zhang Dongqing, Wang Shujin, Chou Kuanyan
(Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai 200025)
AbstractObjective: Although γδ T cells make up no more than 10% of the peripheral blood mononuclean (PBM) cells they appear to play an important role in host defense against tumor growth. In order to evaluate their functional activity against tumor and clinical adoptive-immunotherapy, large number of γδ T cells are required. We describe a simple and rapid method for the isolation and expansion of γδ T cells from the periphenal blood. Methods: The cells were collected using MACS after the cells were panned respectively with special monoclonal antibodies. Then the characteristics including proliferation, phenotype, cytotoxin and the down regulation blocked by specific antibodies were analyzed.Results: The γδ T cells can expand 600~800 times after culturing 2 weeks, and the percent of CD3, CD8 and γδ expressed on the collected cells were 72.29%, 58.02% and 65.98% respectively. γδ T cells showed the high cytotoxin to K562 (NK sensitive tumor cell line), Raji and XG-7 cell lines (NK non-sensitive tumor cell lines). The percentage of cytotoxin reached 35.98%, 52.27% and 69.08% respectively compared with γδ percent of cytotoxin of PBMC only revealed 19.56%, 11.34% and 10.58%, of NK showed 45.21%, 12.34% and 11.94% while that of LAK were 44.01%, 29.27% and 25.68% respectively. No obviously change of percent of γδ cytotoxic ability to these target cells were observed using special MHC class Ⅰ monoclonal antibody to block the γδ cell before coculturing the target cells with γδ T cells. Conclusion: This method is simple, special and rapid one for expanding and purification of γδ T cells from peripheal blood in vitro. These results demonstrated that γδ T cell could kill more kinds of tumor cells than NK and LAK.
Key wordsγδ T cells; LAK cells; cytotoxicity
肿瘤细胞的弱免疫原性是其得以逃逸机体免疫监视功能的重要原因之一。肿瘤细胞不表达或低表达MHC-Ⅰ类分子使得肿瘤特异性的MHC限制的CD4或CD8的αβT细胞难以激活而产生免疫效应来有效地清除肿瘤细胞。自1986年Saito等人首次报道了T细胞中的一个新亚型——γδ T细胞以来,它对多种肿瘤细胞具有明显的识别与杀伤作用已被证实[1]。多数认为 γδ T细胞对肿瘤细胞的识别过程不受MHC分子的限制[2]。本文就体外分离和增殖培养得到的 γδ T细胞、NK细胞和LAK细胞,比较了3种细胞的抗肿瘤的生物学特性,以便于摸索一种在肿瘤过继性免疫治疗中更具有临床应用价值的治疗手段。
1材料与方法
1.1细胞株与主要试剂
人红白血病细胞株K562、人淋巴瘤细胞株Raji、人Buritts淋巴瘤细胞株Daudi,(美国ATCC)。人多发性骨髓瘤细胞株XG-7(苏州医学院张学光教授惠赠)。MACS单抗磁珠(基因公司)。抗 γδ 单抗、抗αβ单抗(B.D公司)。
1.2方法
1.2.1LAK细胞的培养
正常人PBMC用500 U/ml的rhIL-2的RPMI 1640营养液培养。
1.2.2γδ T细胞的富集和培养
将正常人PBMC置于预先经抗CD3单抗包被的培养板内,用500 U/ml的rhIL-2的RPMI 1640营养液培养5 d。收集细胞,用CD4,CD16,CD56单抗标记的磁珠作MACS细胞阴性分选,将分选得到的CD4-,CD16-,CD56-细胞置于预先经抗γδ单抗包被的培养板内,同时加入经60 Gy60Co照射的Daudi和XG-7细胞(淋巴细胞∶肿瘤细胞为2∶1),用500 U/ml的rhIL-2的RPMI 1640营养液培养。用免疫荧光方法检测 γδ T细胞的百分率。
1.2.3NK细胞的富集和培养
将正常人PBMC置于预先经抗CD56单抗包被的培养板内,用500 U/ml的rhIL-2的RPMI 1640营养液培养5 d。然后收集细胞用CD16,CD56单抗标记的磁珠作MACS细胞阳性分选,得到的CD16+,CD56+细胞用500 U/ml的rhIL-2的RPMI 1640营养液培养。
1.2.4免疫表型分析
采用常规免疫荧光方法及流式细胞仪分析。
1.2.5体外细胞毒测定
参照CytoTox96TMNon-Radioactive Cytotoxin Assay Kit(Promega)说明书,采用4 h-LDH释放测定法,并计算出杀伤活性[3]。
1.2.6抗MHC-Ⅰ类单抗的阻断效应
将抗MHC-Ⅰ类单抗分别与靶细胞作用4℃,30 min,洗涤后按1.2.5方法检测 γδ T细胞对靶细胞的杀伤活性。
2结果
2.1细胞增殖动力学
用活细胞定量计数法观察 γδ T细胞、NK细胞及LAK细胞的细胞增殖效应。γδ T细胞在培养2周后达到高峰,细胞数扩增达600~800倍,5周后增殖速度开始下降,7周时细胞基本停止增殖。NK细胞在培养1周时增殖速度不明显,到2周后细胞内颗粒明显增多,细胞体积变小,逐渐趋于死亡。LAK细胞培养3 d后开始增殖,在3周后达到高峰,以后增殖速度逐渐下降。
2.2细胞表型分析
经MACS分选得到的γδ T细胞、NK细胞以及LAK细胞用免疫荧光方法检测其不同的细胞表型。从图1的数据看到 γδ T细胞、NK细胞及LAK细胞的CD3细胞百分率分别为72.29%,53.69%与80.81%。γδ T细胞中的CD8细胞百分率高达58.02%高于其他3组(23.97%,46.32%和48.27%)。γδ T细胞中的γδ细胞百分率为28.34%低于正常PBMC组(65.01%)和LAK组(78.84%)。其γδ细胞百分率高达65.98%,明显高于其他3组(6.62%,6.34%和21.01%)(P<0.01)。
图1γδ T细胞、NK细胞及LAK细胞的细胞表型
Fig. 1Phenotypes of γδ T cells, NK and LAK
图2γδ T细胞、NK细胞及LAK细胞的体外细胞毒效应
Fig.2Cytotoxincity of γδ T cells, NK and LAK
2.3体外细胞毒效应分析
用LDH酶释放法检测 γδ T细胞、NK细胞及LAK细胞对NK敏感的细胞K562以及NK不敏感的细胞Raji和XG-7的杀伤活性。γδ T细胞对K562,Raji和XG-7 3种不同的靶细胞均有较高的杀伤率,分别为35.98%,52.27%和69.08%。尤其对NK不敏感的XG-7细胞的杀伤活性明显高于其它组(P<0.01)。
2.4抗MHC-Ⅰ类单抗对γδ T细胞的体外细胞毒效应的影响
结果如图3所示,经抗MHC-Ⅰ类单抗封闭前后的K562,Raji和XG-7 3种不同的靶细胞,γδ T细胞对它们的杀伤率无明显差异(P>0.05)。
图3抗MHC-Ⅰ类单抗对 γδ T瞎胞的体外细胞毒效应的影响
Fig.3Effect of cytotoxin
