【中图分类号】R730.53;R734.2;R730.55
Chemotherapy combined with chest radiation therapy in the treatment of 95 patients with limited stage small cell lung cancer
CHEN Guiyuan,WANG Lijuan,JIANG Guoliang,QIAN Hao,FU Xiaolong,ZHAO Sen,DING Lin
(Department of Radiation Oncology,Cancer Hospital,Medical Center,Fudan University,Shanghai 200032,P.R.China)
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo analyse retrospectively the results and prognostic factors of 95 patients with limited stage small cell lung cancer treated with chemotherapy plus chest radiation therapy.MethodsNinety-five patients with limited stage small cell lung cancer were treated with combination chemotherapy plus chest radiation therapy from December,1989 to June,1997.There were 84 males and 11 females with median age of 58 years (32~75 years).The P-TNM stages of the disease were as follows:stage Ⅰ disease,3 patients; stage Ⅱ disease,7 patients; stage ⅢA disease,49 patients and stage ⅢB disease,36 patients.Chemotherapy regimens were CAP (cyclophosphamide,doxorubicin,cisplatin),EP(etoposide,cisplatin),TP(Teniposide,cisplatin),or IEP (ifosphamide,etoposide,cisplatin).Median cycles were 6 (1~10).After one cycle of chemotherapy,patients received chest radiation therapy with median total tumor dose of 59.1Gy(43.8~76.9Gy)/31fx(22~64fx) for 48 days(30~73days).The radiation fields covered tumors with 1.5~2.0cm margins.Supraclavicular region and brain did not receive prophylactic irradiation.ResultsOf the ninety-five patients,55(58%) had a complete response,36(38%) had a partial response,three had a stable disease and one had a disease progression.The median survival time was 28 months.The 1-,2-,3- and 5-year survival rates were 85%,62%,31% and 13%,respectively.The 1-,2-,3-,and 5-year local control rates were 95%,86%,77% and 64%,respectively.The 1-,2-,3- and 5-year distant metastasis rates were 23%,52%,73%,and 83%,respectively.From multivariate regression analyses,KPS≥70 and complete response and partial response could be the favorable predictors.ConclusionChemotherapy combined with chest irradiation in limited stage small cell lung cancer can get better survival and local control and less distant metastases.KPS≥70 and complete response and partial response might be the favorable predictors.
【Key words】Limited stage small cell lung cancerChemotherapyRadiotherapyCombined modality therapy
Pignon等[1]和Warde等[2]通过meta分析证实,对小细胞肺癌(SCLC)进行化疗和放疗的综合治疗能有效改善中位生存时间、2年生存率和局部控制率,提示对局限期SCLC(LSCLC)的治疗应以全身化疗为主,辅以胸腔病灶放疗的综合治疗。本临床研究为回顾性分析,旨在观察LSCLC化放疗综合治疗的远期疗效和影响预后的因素。
1材料与方法
1.1临床资料进入本研究的病例标准:病理证实的LSCLC(美国退伍军人医院分期法);接受化疗和放疗的综合治疗。分期前患者均作全面体检、胸部正侧位X片、胸部CT、腹部B超(肝、脾、肾、肾上腺和腹膜后淋巴结)、血常规和肝肾功能及生化等检查。有可疑转移者作相应的头部CT、腹部CT、同位素骨扫描及骨髓穿刺等检查。在1989年12月至1997年6月间,95例LSCLC符合入组条件。其中男性84例,女性11例。中位年龄58岁(32~75岁)。
按1997年UICC的TNM分期法,Ⅰ期3例(3%),Ⅱ期7例(7%),ⅢA期49例(52%),ⅢB期36例(38%)。
入院前半年体重下降者(≥原体重的5%)14例(15%),未下降者(<原体重的5%)81例(85%)。治疗前KPS<70者15例(16%),≥70者80例(84%)。
1.2治疗方法
1.2.1化学治疗前期化疗方案为CAP(环磷酰胺600~800mg/m2第1天、阿霉素40~50mg/m2第1天、顺铂25~30mg/m2第1~3天);后期化疗方案为EP(依托泊甙50~70mg/m2第1~3天、顺铂25~30mg/m2第1~3天)、TP(替尼泊甙50~70mg/m2第1~3天、顺铂25~30mg/m2第1~3天)或IEP(异环磷酰胺2.0g第1~4天、依托泊甙50~70mg/m2第1~3天、顺铂25~30mg/m2第1~3天),择其一种而用之。每3~4周重复一个疗程。中位化疗疗程为6个(1~10个)。
1.2.2放射治疗放射源用60Co γ线、6MV或18MV X线。照射野包括原发灶+同侧肺门+上纵隔(原发灶位于上、中叶)/全纵隔(原发灶位于下叶),不作锁骨上区及脑的预防性照射。先用前后野对穿照射,肿瘤量达40Gy后缩野,仅照射肿瘤区,并避开脊髓。肿瘤中位剂量为59.1Gy(43.8~76.9Gy)/31次(22~64次)/48天(30~73天)。
放疗安排在第1个疗程化疗后1~4天内开始(即治疗过程的第4~7天),具体视患者化疗反应而定。在外院已化疗者放疗安排在化疗第2个或第3个疗程后进行。
1.3疗效评定标准治疗结束后2月进行近期疗效评价。根据治疗前、后胸部X片、CT的改变进行。完全缓解(CR)为肿瘤完全消退;部分缓解(PR)为肿瘤消退≥50%且无新病灶出现;无变化(NR)为肿瘤消退<50%或增大<25%;病变进展(PD)为肿瘤增大≥25%或出现新病灶。生存期从治疗开始之日计算。局部复发定义为胸部CT显示肿瘤有增大。
1.4统计学方法生存率、局部控制率、远处转移率均应用Kaplan-Meier统计法计算。影响预后的因素采用Cox回归模型分析。
2结果
2.1近期疗效完全缓解(CR)55例(58%),部分缓解(PR)36例(38%),无变化和病变进展(NR+PD)4例(4%),有效率达96%(91/95)。
2.2胸腔内复发和远处转移及挽救治疗10例发生胸腔内复发。45例发生远处转移,中位转移时间:22个月(16~29月);远处转移部位:脑15例,肝5例,肺3例,骨2例,腋下淋巴结2例,腹股沟淋巴结2例,腹膜后淋巴结1例,胰腺1例,肝和骨5例,脑和肝3例,脑和骨2例,肝和肺2例,脑和腋下淋巴结1例,肝和肾上腺1例。15例单纯脑转移出现后行挽救性全脑照射,剂量30Gy/10次/2周。
2.3远期疗效中位随访时间为4.5年。随访至1999年12月。全组中位生存时间为28个月。1、2、3、4、5年生存率分别为85%、62%、31%、19%、13%(图1)。1、2、3、4、5年局部控制率分别为95%、86%、77%、77%、64%(图2)。1、2、3、4、5年远处转移率分别为23%、52%、73%、83%、83%(图3)。
图195例局限期小细胞肺癌的生存曲线
Fig 1Survival curve of 95 patients with limited stage small cell lung cancer
2.4影响预后的有关因素Cox回归模型分析预后因素的研究显示性别、年龄、病理分期(Ⅰ+Ⅱ/ⅢA/ⅢB)、入院前半年体重变化(下降/未下降)与预后无明显关系(P>0.05),而治疗前患者的一般状态(Karnofsky评分)(KPS<70/KPS≥70)(P=0.0051)和治疗后的即期疗效(CR+P
