【中图分类号】R734.202;R734.204
The relationship between Epstein-Barr-virus infection and expression of p53, Bcl-2 and C-myc gene in lung cancer
XIA HeshunWU JianpingCHEN ChunmeiMAO YongrongZHU JianCHANG QingMI Keyong, ZHAO JunliZHANG Minghe
(Pathology Department of Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P.R.China)
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo investigate the infection rate of EBV and the expression of p53, Bcl-2 and C-myc gene in lung cancer, to explore the relation between EBV and oncogenesis of lung cancer, and the relation between EBV and expression of p53, Bcl-2 and C-myc. MethodsForty-eight cases of excised specimen of lung cancer, 2 of lung metastatic leiomyosarcoma, 1 of tuberculoma, 18 of paraneoplastic bronchial mucosa tissue, and 14 of normal lung tissue were analyzed. EBV DNA of the fresh tissue was detected with PCR, and indirect in situ PCR was used to observe the reaction site of EBV DNA, and immunohistochemistry (SABC) was used to detect the expression of p53, Bcl-2, and C-myc gene. ResultsTwenty-five cases of the 48 lung cancer had positive staining of EBV DNA and 75% of squamous cell carcinoma showed positive staining of EBV DNA. The positive staining of EBV DNA was closely related to histological classfication of lung cancer (P<0.01). The positive rate of EBV DNA in paraneoplastic bronchial mucosa tissues and normal pulmonary tissues was 61.11%(11/18) and 28.5%(4/14) respectively (P<0.01). The positive rate of p53, Bcl-2 and C-myc expression in lung cancer tissues was 54.17%, 37.5% and 75% respectively. The expression of p53 and Bcl-2 was closely related to histological classification (P<0.05). The positive rate of p53, Bcl-2 and C-myc expression in patients with positive EBV DNA was significantly higher than that in patients with negative EBV DNA (P<0.05). ConclusionLung cancer has high EBV infection. EBV infection may play an important role in the oncogenesis of lung cancer, which might bring about through activating some oncogenes.
【Key words】Lung neoplasmsEBVEBV DNAPathogenesisOncogene
爱波司坦-巴尔病毒(EBV)是一种癌基因DNA病毒,研究认为它与某些肿瘤发生有关[1,2],在肺癌中它主要和肺淋巴上皮样癌有关[3,4]。肺癌的发生、演变及恶性程度与某些癌基因激活、抑癌基因的丢失导致凋亡缺陷和受阻有密切关系,这些基因中研究较多且具重要作用的有p53、Bcl-2和C-myc等基因。本研究用分子生物学的方法对48例肺癌患者癌组织及其相关组织中EBV感染及p53、Bcl-2及C-myc基因表达及它们在肺癌发生中的作用进行了探讨。
1材料和方法
1.1组织标本收集48例肺癌患者的癌组织,同时收集18例癌旁支气管粘膜组织及14例癌旁肺组织。患者中男性31例,女性17例,年龄34~63岁,平均47岁。其中鳞癌20例,腺癌22例(包括3例细支气管肺泡癌),非典型性类癌3例,小细胞肺癌2例,大细胞肺癌1例。原发瘤直径<3cm者4例,>3cm者44例。Ⅰ期26例,Ⅱ期18例,Ⅲ期4例。另选2例肺转移性平滑肌肉瘤,1例肺结核瘤及其支气管粘膜组织作为对照组织。
1.2EBV DNA的普通PCR检测取新鲜组织裂解后,常规酚/氯仿提取DNA。EBV DNA引物参照文献5的序列设计,两对引物分别为:
①gp220(BamHI L region)5′-GGCTGGTGTCACCGGTGTTA-3′,5′-CCTTAGGAGGAACAAGTCCC-3′,扩增片段长度239bp;
②EBNA1(BamHI W Region) 5′-GTCATCATCATCCGGGTCTC-3′,5′-TTCGGGTTGGAACCTCCTTG-3′,扩增片段长度269bp。
30μlPCR反应液中,含1× PCR buffer,1.5mmol/L MgCl2,200μmol/L dNTPs,1U Taq DNA聚合酶,上、下游引物各0.5μmol/L,模板5μl,上覆30μl无菌矿物油。扩增程序为94℃预变性5分钟,94℃60秒,55℃60秒,72℃60秒,共35个循环,最后72℃延伸3分钟。反应结束后取5μl PCR反应产物经2%琼脂糖凝胶电泳,透射紫外仪上观察结果,在Marker的237bp及269bp附近处有DNA条带者为阳性。阳性对照为B95-8转化细胞。
1.3间接原位PCR检测用间接原位PCR法对普通PCR法检测出的12例EBV阳性和2例阴性肺癌病例的石蜡切片进行检测,分析EBV DNA在癌组织中的反应部位。将原位载玻片在0.1NHCl中浸泡过夜,蒸馏水清洗,晾干,用1%APES-丙酮溶液处理30秒,丙酮中5分钟,晾干。组织切片厚4μm,经预处理后,进行PCR原位扩增。100μl原位PCR反应液中,含1×PCR buffer,1.5mmol/L MgCl2,300μmol/L dNTPs,10U Taq DNA聚合酶,上、下游引物各1μmol/L。每张切片加80~100μl反应液,使组织切片被完全覆盖。扩增程序同普通PCR,经20个循环,最后72℃延伸10分钟。将1.2中常规PCR扩增的特异性EBV DNA片段用长臂光敏生物素标记成探针,杂交探针浓度为1μg/ml,AV-VP亲合,NBT和BCIP显色,核固红套染。胞核中出现黄棕色到兰黑色颗粒者为阳性。
1.4免疫组织化学方法分析免疫组织化学方法使用SABC法。p53阳性着色为胞核呈棕黄色,Bcl-2阳性为胞浆呈棕黄色,C-myc阳性为细胞核或胞浆染色呈棕黄色。
1.5统计学处理统计方法采用χ2检验,P<0.05为有统计学意义。
2结果
2.1EBV DNA普通PCR检测结果48例肺癌组织中,有25例(52.08%)EBV DNA阳性(图1、2),其中鳞癌的阳性率为75% (15/20),腺癌为36.36%(8/22),非典型性类癌为33.33%(1/3),大细胞肺癌为100%(1/1),小细胞肺癌为0(0/2)。EBV DNA阳性率在鳞癌中较高,与其它组织类型之间(大细胞肺癌除外)的差异有显著性(χ2=6.31,P<0.06)。EBV DNA阳性者中临床分期属Ⅰ期者有18例(18/26,69.23%),Ⅱ期者6例(6/18,33.33%),Ⅲ期者1例(1/4,25%),不同期别间阳性率差异有显著性(P<0.05)。
图1EBV P1P2 DNA引物(BamHI L region)扩增产物电泳图
1:PCR marker;2:阳性对照;3:阴性对照;4、5、8:阳性;6、7:阴性。
Fig 1The electrophoresis photograph of amplification product of EBV DNA P1P2 polymer(BamHI L region)
1: PCR marker; 2: positive control; 3: negative control; 4,5 and 8: EBV DNA positive; 6 and 7: EBV DNA negative.
图2EBV P3P4 DNA引物(BamHI W region)扩增产物电泳图
1:PCR marker;2:阳性对照;3:阴性对照;4、7、8:阳性;5、6:阴性。
Fig 2The electrophoresis photograph of amplification product of EBV DNA P3P4 polymer(BamHI W region)
1: PCR marker; 2: positive control; 3: negative control; 4,7 and 8: EBV DNA positive; 5 and 6: EBV DNA negative.
18例癌旁支气管粘膜组织中,11例(61.11%)EBV DNA阳性,14例癌旁肺组织中,4例(28.57%)EBV DNA阳性,两者之间阳性率差异有显著性(P<0.01)。
2例肺转移性平滑肌肉瘤和1例肺结核瘤中均未发现EBV DNA扩增,但它们的支气管粘膜组织中EBV DNA呈阳性反应。
2.2
