中图号:R979.19文献标识码:A文章编号:1000467X(1999)03-0266-04
Resistance and characteristic of KB cell line after long term
induction with hexadecylphosphocholine
FU Dong SHI Zhao-xing wANG Yu-zhiInstitute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical sciences,Beijing 100850, China
【Abstract】objective:To induce tolerance to hexadecylphosphocholine(HePC) in human epidermoid tumour cell line KB with gradually increasing concentration of HePC. To study the characteristic of the resistance subline KBr cells.Methods:KB cells were adapted to HePC starting from low concentration of HePC, the concentration of HePC was raised gradually until the KB cells had obvious resistance to it.MTT assay was used for test of cross resistance to chemotherapeutics agents in KBr cells.The expression of mdr1,mrp and GST-pi gene was determined by RT-PCR. immunocytochemistry was used for expression of P-glycoprotein(Pgp).Results:KB cells were adapted to HePC starting from a concentration at 0.04μmol/L. when the cells tolertated to HePC and showed normal growth and high viability, the concentration of HePC was raised accordingly.The adaptation was stopped when the concentration of HePC reached to 45μmol/L, cells had obvious resistance to HePC. MTT assay showed the KBr cells had 32-fold higher IC50 of HePC than parental KB cells.KBr cells also had significant resistance to vincristine and colchicine although KBr cells were still sensitive to mechlorethamine,carmustine,actinomycin D, etoposide,doxorubicin and 5-fluorouracil.The iC50 of vincristine and colchicine on KBr cells were respectively1354-fold and 44697-fold much higher than that of KB cells. Our study showed that Kbr cells had no expression of mrp and GST-pi gene, but there were mdr1 gene and Pgp positive expression in resistant KBr cells.Conclusion:KB cells show obvious resistance to HePC after long term induction.The resistant subline KBr cells have cross resistance to vincristine and colchicine.The positive expression of mdr1 and Pgp in KBr cells might be associated with the resistance.
Key words:Hexadecylphosphocholine;Resistance;KB cells;Crossresistance
烷基磷脂化合物是一类新型的抗肿瘤药物,其中以十六烷基磷酸胆碱(Hexadecylphosphocholine, hePC)的抗肿瘤效果最为显著。我们以往的工作证明,HePC具有选择性抑制肿瘤细胞增殖的作用,并且对正常细胞的影响小〔1〕。目前对HePC的作用机制尚不清楚。有研究表明:HePC可以通过影响细胞的信号传导发挥其抗肿瘤作用〔2〕;还可以影响肿瘤细胞的膜磷脂代谢〔3〕;HePC可以诱导肿瘤细胞的调亡和介导免疫调节发挥抗肿瘤作用〔4,5〕。
为了解长期使用HePC是否产生耐药,本实验以HePC敏感的KB细胞为对象进行长期诱导,观察耐药性的产生以及对其它化疗药物交叉耐药性。这不仅可以对HePC的应用有指导意义,而且对了解HePC的作用机制也有帮助。
1材料和方法
1.1药品
十六烷基磷酸胆碱(HePC)以及MTT购于Sigma公司,长春新碱、阿霉素、5-氟尿嘧啶、秋水仙素、氮芥、卡氮芥、放线菌素D、足叶乙甙均为国产。Pgp(P-glycoprotein)单克隆抗体CH180160Mouse anti-P-glycoprotein购于Zymed laboratory Inn,引物为本实验合成。
1.2细胞培养
人上皮肿瘤细胞KB以及mdrl阳性细胞株KBV200培养于含10%小牛血清的RPMI1640中,37℃,5%CO2,饱和湿度培养。
1.3诱导耐药
HePC以0.04μmol/L为起始浓度,逐渐诱导KB细胞产生耐药性。当细胞能维持正常的生长且存活率大于90%时,增加HePC浓度;当细胞存活率小于90%时,HePC在同一浓度下继续进行诱导,直至存活率大于90%。HePC增加的幅度见图1。经过70周的诱导,HePC的终浓度达到45μmol/L,耐药细胞KBr培养于含45μmol/LHePC的体系中维持其耐药性。
图1HepC诱导KB细胞耐药。HePC起始浓度为0.04μmol/L,当细胞存活率大于90%时,增加HePC浓度。经过70周的诱导HePC浓度达到45μmol/L
1.4细胞毒试验
96孔板每孔接种5×103个细胞,加入不同浓度的化疗药物或HePC,培养48小时后,弃去培养液,加入10μl的5mg/ml的MTT。细胞继续培养4~6小时,弃去培养液,加入150μl的二甲基亚砜,震荡混匀后在酶联仪570nm处测吸收度。实验重复3~5次,IC50值由半对数曲线得出〔6〕。
1.5RT-PCR试验
应用RT-PCR(Reverse transcription-polymerasechain reaction)的方法检测mdrl、MRP以及GST-pi基因的表达。mdrl引物由本实验室DNA全自动合成仪(ABI applied Biosystems 39l DNA Synthesizer,USA)合成,上游引物序列为:5'CGGGATCCCTGGTGTTTGGAGAAATGACAG3',下游引物序列为:5’AACTGCAGCCCAGTGAAAAATGTTGCCATTGAC3’,MRP和GSP-pi引物由基础医学研究所馈赠。用总RNA提取试剂盒(TotalRNAIsolationSystem,Promega)提取细胞总RNA。反转录体系为RT-Buffer(10×)2μl,dNTP(2.5mmol/L)4μl,MgCl2(25mmol/L)4μl,Oligo(dt)15primer2μl(100μg/ml),加入总RNA(0.5μg)至总体积20μl,反转录体系65℃水浴10分钟,再加入RNA酶抑制剂RNasin(40U/μl)0.5μl,AMV(10U/μl)1.5μl,42℃水浴60分钟。PCR体系为2μl10×PCR缓冲液,2μldNTP(2.5mmol/L),1.5μlMgCl2(25mmol/L),0.2μl上游和下游引物(1μg/μl),5μl反转录所得cDNA,PCR体系在PCR扩增仪上预热5分钟(PerkinElmerGenempPCRSystem2400,USA),冰浴稍凉,加入0.2μlTaqDNApolymerase(3U/μl)。PCR循环为94℃变性30秒,55℃退火30秒,57℃延伸1分钟,共35个循环,最后72℃延伸7分钟。
1.6免疫细胞化学试验
制备KB,KBr细胞涂片,用丙酮固定5分钟后,加入10%的山羊血清,室温孵育15分钟。加入P-gp单克隆抗体4℃过夜,PBS冲洗3次,每次5分钟。加入生物素标记的二抗,37℃孵育60分钟,PBS冲洗3次,加入解磷酶标记的链霉卵白素37℃孵育50分钟,DAB显色,用水冲洗,封片。已知MDR阳性细胞KBV200作阳性对照,平行设立空白对照组。
1.7统计
数据用SAS(Statistical analysis System)程序进行处理。
2实验结果
2.1HePC诱导KB细胞耐药
HePC的起始浓度为0.04μmol/L,逐渐诱导KB细胞产生耐药性。当细胞能维持正常的生长且存活率大于90%时,增加HePC的浓度。在前18周HePC的浓度持续而缓慢地增加,增幅从0.04μmol/L到0.1μmol/L。到第19周,HePC的浓度到达1.9μmol/L接近IC50的浓度,细胞增殖变慢,存活率降低。细胞在1.9μmol/L浓度维持2周,2.0μmol/L维持3周,2.1μmol/L维持4周,2.2μmol/L维持2周之后逐步恢复正常的增殖活性。此时细胞表现出微弱的耐药性。从第32周到55周,HePC以较大的浓度(0.2~1.0μmol/L)增加。当HePC浓度达到10μmol/L之后,细胞随HePC浓度的增加耐药性迅速增加。从56~66周HePC以5~10μmol/L的更大幅度增加,到第67周HePC高达45μmol/L,在该浓度下细胞长期维持其耐药性。耐药细胞KBr耐受HePC的能力为KB的32倍。在除去HePC4周后KBr细胞对HePC的耐受性开始逐渐降低,停药10周后KBr细胞的IC50值已
