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生殖器流行性卡波西氏肉瘤71例临床分析

2022-07-29
来源:求医网
摘要目的:分析生殖器流行性卡波西氏肉瘤(Kaposi’sSarcoma简称KS)的发病情况、临床特征及治疗方法。资料和方法:1986年6月至1996年12月,巴黎第十二大学医学院HenriMondor医院肿瘤放疗科共收治645例爱滋病KS病人,其中71例有阴茎及阴囊病变。单发于阴茎或阴囊有12例,其余59例均合并有其它部位的皮肤侵犯。中位年龄37岁,9例有排尿困难,13例有水肿或/和疼痛。均采用放射治疗,选用低能(45KV)X线,大野照射10Gy/4次·周,根据病变反应,休息15天,缩野再予5~10Gy。结果:所有病人均获客观上的缓解和器官功能的恢复。在71例共189个病变部位中,完全反应率28%,部分反应率66%,6%无反应。所有病人均获随访,平均随访期75个月。结论:发生于生殖器的流行性KS少见。放疗对本病可取得满意结果;尿道狭窄为放疗的主要并发症。

中图号:R738.7;R730.55文献标识码:A文章编号:1000-467X(1999)s0-0070-02

Epidemisc Kaposi’s sarcoma in genital organs— — 71 cases reports

GUO Ling, LIN Huan-xin, PAN Qiong, et al.

Department of Oncology,Henri Mondor Hospital,Paris Ⅻ University,France 94010

AbstractObjective: To analyse the genesis,clinical charicteristics and treatments of epidmic Kaposi’s Sarcoma(KS)which is located in genital organs.Materials and Methods From June 1986 to December 1996,645 cases of KS were treated with radiation therapy in Henri Mondor hospital of Paris Ⅻ university.Among them,in 71 patients lesions were foumd located in penis and scrotum.Median age was 37 years,9 patients had dysuria,13 cases had edema or/and pain.Single lesion in penis or scrotum were foumd in 12 cases,the other 59 patients had other cutaneous lesions.All patients underwent radiotherapy of x ray of 4KV.We began with a big field radiation which includes tumor and 1 cm of security margin and in which we gave a dose of 10 Gy/4 fractions per week.After 15 day’s rest,we gave 5~ 10 Gy in the residual tumor location.Results All patients have got objective regression and recovery of organ function.Among 189 lesions of 71 cases,complete response rate was 28% ,partial response rate was 68% and 6% no response.All patients were followed up with median following time of 7-5 months. Conclusions Genital organs were rarely invaded by epidemic KS.Radiotherapy can be used in the treatment of these sarcomas with a satisfied result.The main complication of radiotherapy is stenosis of urethra.

Key words: Sarcoma, Kaposi s; Radiotherapy; Treatment

卡波西氏肉瘤(Kaposi’sSarcoma,简称KS)好发于免疫抑制者。大约有24%~30%的爱滋病病人在其疾病进程中出现KS〔1〕。病变可侵犯机体的任何部位,包括生殖器官如阴茎和阴囊。本文从世界上最大宗的流行性KS病例中,详述生殖器KS的发病情况,并分析其特征及局部治疗。

1.资料和方法

1986年6月~1996年12月,巴黎第十二大学医学院HenriMondor医院放疗科共收治645例流行性KS病人,其中71例有阴茎及阴囊病变,均经病理证实。

这71例的中位年龄是37岁(范围22~58岁)。共有病变189个。其中16例有明显临床症状:排尿困难(9例),水肿或/和疼痛(13例)。6例病变靠近尿道,12例(21个病变)单发于生殖器官,其余病人均有生殖器外其它部位的皮肤侵犯。

放疗选用低能(45KV)X线,先用大野照射,然后再缩野,射野包括肿瘤+1cm的安全边缘。野的最大直径从2.5cm~4cm不等。剂量:大野照射10Gy/4次·周,根据病变反应,休息15天,缩野后再给予5~10Gy。

放疗耐受性(皮肤反应)评价:Ⅰ°皮肤红斑;Ⅱ°干性皮炎;Ⅲ°湿性皮炎;Ⅳ°皮肤溃疡或坏死。

2.结果

放疗耐受性:在所有病例中,79.4%(150个病变部位)耐受性良好(Ⅰ°),14.8%(28个病变部位)中等(Ⅱ°),5.6%(11个病变)较差(Ⅲ°~Ⅳ°)。

所有病人均获客观上的缓解和器官功能的恢复。完全反应率28%(53个病变部位),部分反应率66%(125个病变部位),6%无反应(11个病变)。

所有病人均获随访,平均随访期75个月。放疗后所有病人均有中度色素沉着,5例出现尿道狭窄。其中3例不必特殊处理,2例抗炎后行尿道扩张术,术后缓解。在部分治愈的病人中35%(44个病变部位)出现病变进展。

3.讨论

KS在爱滋病的检出中占第二位,占第一位的为间质性浆细胞性肺病(Pneumocytissarin)〔2〕。1935年出现了生殖器(阴茎)KS的首次报道,以后陆续有一些散发性病例报道〔3〕。但KS很少侵犯泌尿生殖道〔1,4〕。Lowe等〔1〕报道2%~3%的爱滋病是由阴茎的KS病变而检出,而大约20%的KS发生于生殖器,但在我们的统计中只有11%(71/645)。

过去对此病的治疗迥异,有活检切除、放疗、化疗、彻底手术(常造成毁容)等等〔2〕。随着对KS疾病性质的深入了解,出现了保守治疗的观点尤其是对放疗的选择。Vapnek等〔5〕曾建议8Gy/1次放疗,并报道完全反应率为89%。但在过去,许多放疗专家对阴茎的放疗持怀疑态度,担心导致尿道炎症、尿道瘘或外观不美。

我们的经验表明,对发生于生殖器的KS,放疗是可行的。10Gy/4次·周的分割方法常为足够、较好耐受的,尤其是靠近尿道粘膜的部分。先予10Gy,休息15天后视病变的反应程度予追加5~10Gy可取得满意结果,且耐受性好,美容效果亦理想。同时,由于生殖器对放射的高度敏感性,放疗应当谨慎实施。本组中,尿道狭窄为主要的并发症,多发生于病变靠近尿道的病例。只诉尿流细者不必处理。有排尿困难时先抗炎,如不缓解,可考虑尿道扩张。

作者单位:Y.KirovaE.Belembaogo J.P.Lebourgeois94010 Department of Oncology,Henri Mondor Hospital,Paris Ⅻ University.51,Ave du Marechal de lattre de Tassigny,94010 Creteil Cedex France

〔参考文献〕

1Koyuncuoglu M,Yalcin N,Ozkan S,et al.Primary Kaposi s sarcoma of the glans penis 〔J〕 .Br J Urol,1996,77:614.

2Le Bourgeois JP,Frikha H,Piebois P,et al.Radiotherapy in the management of epidemic Kaposi s sarcoma of the oral cavity,the eyelid and the genitals 〔J〕 .Radiother Oncol,1994,30:263.

3Lowe FC,Lattimer DG,Metroka CE.Kaposi s sarcoma of the penis in patients with acquired immuno deficiency syndrome 〔J〕 .J Urol,1989,142:1475.

4Maiche AG,Holsti P,Grohn P,et al.Kaposi s sarcoma of penis〔J〕 .Br J Urol,1986,58:557.

5Vapnek JM,Quivey JM,Carrill PR.Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome related Kaposi s sarvoma of the male genitalia:management with radiation therapy 〔J〕 .J Urol,1991,142:333.

收稿日期:1998-09-01;修回日期:1999-01-09