【摘要】目的探讨单侧湿性型老年性黄斑变性(age-related macular degeneration,AMD)对侧眼的吲哚青绿血管造影(indocyanine green angiography,ICGA)特征及其临床意义。方法对70例一眼为湿性型AMD的患者对侧眼作眼底彩色照相、荧光素眼底血管造影(fundus fluorescein angiography,FFA)以及ICGA检查,并对其眼底荧光图像进行比较和分析。结果对侧眼的ICGA特征有:①玻璃膜疣可呈现弱荧光、强荧光及正常荧光等表现;②14只眼ICGA中晚期出现强荧光斑;③13只眼呈现有一个或多个片状脉络膜充盈缺损;④18只眼ICGA中晚期出现簇状强荧光小点。结论ICGA能较好评价单侧湿性型AMD对侧眼病变损害程度,并有助于寻找发生渗出性改变的危险因素。
中国图书资料分类法分类号R744.5R814.43
Indocyanine green angiographic findings in contralateral eyes of patients with unilateral exudative age-related macular degeneration
WEN Feng,WU Dezheng,HUANG Shizhou,et al.
zhongshan Ophthalmic Center,Sun Yat-sen University of Medical Sciences,Guangzhou510060,China
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo analyse the indocyanine green angiographic findings in contralateral eyes of patients with unilateral exudative age-related macular degeneration(AMD).MethodsFundus photograph,fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA) and indocyanine green angiography(ICGA)were performed in a series of 70 patients with unilateral aMD and drusens and pigmentary changes in the macular region in contralateral eyes.The findings of fluoroangiograms were observed and analysed.Results ICGA revealed the characteristics of the contralateral eyes as follows:(1)Drusen could be hypofluorescent,hyperfluorescent or normal fluorescent;(2)14 eyes revealed plaque-like late hyperfluorescent;(3)13 eyes revealed choroidal filling defect;(4)18 eyes revealed pindot-like clusters of late hyperfluorescence.ConclusionICGA is useful in evaluating the lesions and circulation disturbance of the contralateral eye,and may help to find the risk factors of developing future exudative changes.
【Key words 】Macular degeneration/diagnosisIndocyanine green /diagnosticuse Fluorescein angiography
老年性黄斑变性(AMD)是一种与年龄增长相关的脉络膜毛细血管-Bruch膜-色素上皮-外层视网膜的变性。临床上将AMD分为干性型和湿性型两型,从随访观察中发现,一旦一只眼为湿性型AMD,那么对侧眼就具有发生湿性型改变的高度危险性[1,2]。为了进一步了解对侧眼的眼底改变特征,我们采用吲哚青绿血管造影(ICGA)对70例一眼为湿性型AMD的对侧眼进行了观察,并对可能发生湿性型改变的危险因素进行了探讨。
1对象和方法
1.1对象AMD诊断标准参照1986年全国眼底病会议制定的《老年黄斑变性临床诊断标准》。一只眼为湿性型AMD患者共70例,其中男性47例,女性23例;年龄50~80岁,平均年龄63岁。着重观察其对侧眼。对侧眼的矫正视力为0.1~1.5。
1.2方法所有病例均作了眼底彩色照相、FFA及ICGA检查,具体方法同文献[3]。
2结果
2.1玻璃膜疣(drusen)玻璃膜疣在ICGA呈现3种荧光表现:53只眼的玻璃膜疣造影期间一直为弱荧光(图1,2);21只眼的玻璃膜疣造影早期为强荧光,造影晚期强荧光更明显,且数量增多(图3,4);11只眼的玻璃膜疣为正常荧光。同一患眼中可存在上述3种荧光表现。
2.2视网膜色素上皮(retinal pigment epithelium,RPE)损害12只眼于ICGA晚期有斑片状强弱荧光相间的RPE损害荧光征像,造影早期无这种改变;此外,18只眼于ICGA中晚期在眼底后极部有簇状强荧光小点,而在相应区域FFA可无明显改变(图5,6)。
图1左眼AMD彩色眼底像。黄斑区及其周围可见数量众多的软性、融合性玻璃膜疣(黑箭)图2图1同一眼ICGA早期像。黄斑区及其周围的软性、融合性玻璃膜疣呈弱荧光(黑箭)图3右眼AMD彩色眼底像。黄斑区及其周围可见软、硬性玻璃膜疣(黑箭)和斑片状RPE低色素图4图3同一眼ICGA早期像。黄斑中心凹颞侧玻璃膜疣呈强荧光(黑箭),中心凹鼻下有脉络膜灌注不良的弱荧光区(白箭)图5右眼AMD FFA晚期像。黄斑中心凹上方可见小片状透见荧光,但黄斑区上及中心凹颞下未见明显异常荧光。图6图5同一眼ICGA晚期像。黄斑区颞上及中心凹颞下可见簇状强荧光点(黑箭)
fig.1Color photograph of the left eye shows confluent soft drusens in and out the macular region(black arrows) Fig.2 Early phase ICGA image of the case in Fig.1. The confluent soft drusens show hypofluorescence(black arrows) Fig.3 color photograph of right eye shows soft and hard drusen(black arrow)and depigmention of RPE in and around macular region Fig.4 Early phase ICGA image of the case in Fig.3. The drusen temporal to fovea shows hyperfluorescence(black arrow),and areas of choroidal filling defects are seen as hypofluorescence inferior nasal to fovea(white arrow) Fig.5Late phase fFA image of the right eye shows transmitted fluorescence superior to fovea,the areas superior temporal to macula and inferior temporal to fovea demonstrate no abnormal fluorescence Fig.6 Late phase ICGA image of the case in Fig.5. the areas of superior temporal to macula and inferior temporal to fovea show clusters of hyperfluorescence dot(black arrows)
2.3脉络膜灌注不良13只眼呈现有一个或多个片状脉络膜充盈缺损区,脉络膜充盈缺损所致的弱荧光区于ICGA早期就出现,一直持续到造影晚期(图4)。
2.4ICGA中晚期强荧光斑14只眼于ICGA中晚期显示有一个或多个强荧光斑(图7),其中6个强荧光斑出现在脉络膜灌注不良区的旁边。
图7右眼AMD ICGA晚期像。黄斑中心凹颞侧有强荧光斑(黑箭)
fig.7Late phase ICGA image of the right eye reveals plaque-like hyperfluorescence temporal to fovea(black arrow)
3讨论
临床观察发现,如果一只眼的黄斑区有脉络膜新生血管膜(choroidal neovascularization,CNV)形成、RPE脱离或盘状瘢痕等湿性型AMD改变,那么对侧眼就具有发生类似首发眼渗出性改变的高度危险性,并且对侧眼的变化反映了首发眼原发病灶的早期变化情况[1,4]。因此,严密观察分析对侧眼眼底改变特征,寻找发生早期渗出性改变的危险因素,对防止病变进一步发展及早期针对性、预防性治疗都有重要的意义。
由于玻璃膜疣性强荧光、RPE色素增生反应和正常的RPE、黄斑叶黄素(xanthophyll)等因素使得FFA不能较好观察到患眼的脉络膜毛细血管-Bruch膜-色素上皮复合体的变化。而ICGA因用近红外光作为激发光源及所用染料的生物物理学特性,使得其比FFA更有利于发现某些异常改变特征。
玻璃膜疣的ICGA表现,我们观察到的结果与Arnold等[5]的类似,即大部分玻璃膜疣(尤其是大的软性玻璃膜疣)呈弱荧光,部分玻璃膜疣(尤其是小的硬性玻璃膜疣)呈强荧光,而一些玻璃膜疣可表现为正常荧光。玻璃膜疣的弱荧光可能为疣内球状物质(globular material)遮蔽脉络膜血管荧光所致;而强荧光可能是玻璃膜疣的内容物具有对吲哚青绿分子高度亲和力的缘故[5]。此外,我们还观察到一些湿性型AMD对侧眼的ICGA晚期可出现多簇状强荧光点,而相应部位FFA和眼底检查可无明显异常改变。我们推测这些簇状强荧光点可能为RPE基底膜沉积物(basal laminar deposits)染色所致,表明RPE具有弥散性病变。但是,RPE的色素脱失以及萎缩病灶的显示等,ICGA却不如FFA清楚。
湿性型AMD对侧眼另外两个有意义的ICGA改变特征是脉络膜<
