【摘要】目的观察增生性玻璃体视网膜病变玻璃体切割物的细胞凋亡情况。方法收集60例不同分级的增生性玻璃体视网膜病变患者的玻璃体切割物,核苷酸末端转移酶介导dUTP缺口翻译法(TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labelling method,TUNEL法)标记凋亡细胞,光镜观察。结果60例患者的玻璃体切割物均有细胞凋亡的特征性改变,随着病变程度的加重,非色素细胞凋亡总数逐渐减少,并出现色素细胞凋亡。结论增生性玻璃体视网膜病变存在不同类型细胞的凋亡,细胞凋亡是调控其病变程度的重要机制之一。
The observation on apoptosis from vitrectomy specimens of proliferative vitreoretinopathy
YANG Hua,GUAN Hongbing,ZHANG Xi,et al.Department of Ophthalmology,Shanghai Eye Research Institute,Shanghai First peoples Hospital,Shanghai Medical University,Shanghai 200080,China
【Abstract】PurposeTo investigate apoptosis in vitrectomy specimens of proliferative vitreoretinopathy.MethodsVitrectomy specimens from 60 cases of different classes of proliferative vitreoretinopathy were studied by TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labelling(TUNEL)method.ResultsThe characteristic change of apoptosis was observed in all vitrectomy specimens.The amount of apoptotic non-pigmentary cell is gradually decreasing along with the development of proliferative vitreoretinopathy,and apoptotic pigmentary cells are observed.ConclusionThere are different kinds of apoptosis cell in vitrectomy specimens of proliferative vitreoretinopathy.It is suggested that apoptosis might be one of the important mechanisms of regulating the degree in proliferative vitreoretinopathy.
【Key words】Vitreoretinopathy,proliferative/pathologyCell death
尽管增生性玻璃体视网膜病变(proliferative vitreoretinopathy,PVR)的发生和发展过程中视网膜色素上皮细胞和胶质细胞增生起着重要的作用[1],但是细胞凋亡是否在该病变的发展程度方面发挥其调控作用,还有待于研究。为了探讨PVR是否存在细胞凋亡以及细胞凋亡与PVR病变程度的关系,我们对PVR临床分级不同患者的玻璃体切割物进行细胞凋亡研究,探讨不同程度PVR的发展机制,为今后的临床药物治疗提供理论依据。
1材料和方法
1.1试剂TUNEL法细胞凋亡检测试剂盒(德国Boeheringer mannheim公司),AEC染色试剂盒及羊血清(华美生物工程公司),日本Olympus光学显微镜。
1.2玻璃体切割物来自我院眼科PVR住院患者行玻璃体切割术者60例60只眼,根据1983年国际视网膜学会术语委员会PVR分类法[2]进行分组,其中PVRB级(均为视网膜脱离伴黄斑裂孔)10只眼,PVRC级30只眼,PVRD1级10只眼,PVRD2级10只眼,平均年龄43岁。
1.3方法玻璃体切割物于术后立即离心,取沉淀细胞及膜组织,4%多聚甲醛固定后石蜡包埋,组织切片,脱腊,终浓度10~20μg/ml的蛋白酶K37℃15分钟,0.5%H2O2室温30分钟,0.1%TritonX-1004℃2分钟,加TUNEL反应混合液37℃1小时,荧光显微镜观察。加20%正常羊血清37℃20分钟,抗荧光抗体37℃30分钟,加AEC染色溶液,甘油-PBS封片,光镜观察并拍照。
阴性对照:TUNEL反应混合液改用不含末端转移酶的label溶液。
阳性对照:经0.1%TritonX-100穿透后,用DNaseI作用10分钟,再加TUNEL反应混合液,因DNaseI在双链DNA上产生随机切口,可用切口平移法进行辣根过氧化物酶和抗荧光抗体标记,经底物AEC染色,阳性细胞显红色或荧光显微镜可观察到荧光。
2结果
光镜观察切片,将组织中的细胞分为非色素细胞及色素细胞两类,TUNEL法标记的凋亡细胞核呈红色。阳性对照组切片各细胞均被标记,大量弥漫的细胞核呈红色;阴性对照组切片各细胞未被标记,未见染色的细胞核(图1)。
PVRB级组:10只眼均可见数量较多的非色素细胞核呈红色,说明有非色素细胞凋亡,每个视野30~40个凋亡核;偶可见色素细胞,但未见凋亡阳性的色素细胞(图2)。
PVRC级组:30只眼均可见不同数量(每个视野20~30个)的非色素细胞凋亡,可见色素细胞,其中13只眼的玻璃体切割物切片无色素细胞凋亡(图3),另外17只眼的玻璃体切割物切片每个视野有1个或2个色素细胞凋亡(图4)。
PVRD1级组:10只眼的每个视野均有10~20个非色素细胞凋亡,凋亡核数量明显减少,色素细胞数量明显增多,每个视野有3~5个色素细胞凋亡(图5)。
PVRD2级组:10只眼有少量(每个视野小于10个)的非色素细胞凋亡,每个视野3~5个色素细胞凋亡,偶尔可见巨噬细胞凋亡(图6)。1例从视网膜表面手术剥离的膜组织中可见较多的非色素细胞和含色素颗粒的细胞,但看不到凋亡细胞(图7)。
图1TUNEL法标记的阴性对照组玻璃体切割物切片光镜观察,未见染色的细胞核,可见色素颗粒(箭)TUNEL染色×400图2PVRB级玻璃体切割物切片光镜观察,大量非色素细胞核凋亡呈红色(箭),偶可见色素TUNEL染色×400图3PVRC级玻璃体切割物切片光镜观察,堆积的非色素细胞核呈红色,有凋亡(箭),色素细胞核无着色TUNEL染色×400图4PVRC级玻璃体切割物切片光镜观察,散在的非色素细胞核凋亡呈红色(箭),有一个色素细胞核呈红色(箭)TUNEL染色×400图5PVRD1级玻璃体切割物切片光镜观察,非色素细胞(箭)及色素细胞凋亡(箭头)均存在TUNEL染色×400图6PVRD2级玻璃体切割物切片光镜观察,色素细胞凋亡(箭)明显可见,偶见非色素细胞核凋亡,有一个巨噬细胞凋亡(箭)TUNEL染色×400图7PVRD2级视网膜表面膜组织光镜观察,看不见细胞凋亡,见一处非特异染色(箭)TUNEL染色×200Fig.1Photomicrograph of the vitrectomy specimen in negative control group.Staining was not observed in all cell nuclei,pigmentary granules(arrow)were observedTUNEL×400Fig.2Photomicrograph of the vitrectomy specimen in PVR B group.Apoptosis of many non-pigmentary cell nuclei(arrow)showed red staining,pigmentary granule was rarely observedTUNEL×400Fig.3Photomicrograph of the vitrectomy specimen in PVR C group.Apoptosis of many non-pigmentary cell nuclei(arrow)showed red staining,apoptosis of pigmentary cell nuclei was not observedTUNEL×400Fig.4Photomicrograph of the vitrectomy specimen in PVR C group.Apoptosis of many non-pigmentary cell nuclei(arrow)showed red staining,one pigmentary cell nucleus(arrow)showed red stainingTUNEL×400Fig.5Photomicrograph of the vitrectomy specimen in PVR D1 group.Apoptosis of non-pigmentary cell nuclei(arrow)and pigmentary cell nuclei(arrow)showed red stainingTUNEL×400Fig.6Photomicrograph of the vitrectomy specimen in PVR D2 group.Apoptosis of pigmentary cell nuclei(arrow)and one phagocyte cell nucleus(arrow)showed red staining,apoptosis of non-pigmentary cell nuclei was rarely observedTUNEL×400Fig.7Photomicrograph of epimembrane in PVR D2 group.Apoptosis of pigmentary cell nuclei and non-pigmentary cell nuclei was not observed,non-characteristic staining(arrow)was observedTUNEL×200
3讨论
增生性玻璃体视网膜病变是孔源性视网膜脱离复位手术失败的主要原因,其发病机制是视网膜表面和玻璃体后面广泛纤维增生膜收缩,牵拉而引起视网膜脱离[2]。PVR的增生膜由色素上皮细胞、非色素细胞(包括胶质细胞、纤维母细胞、成纤维细胞)和巨噬细胞构成,在数量上非色素细胞占75%左右(其中胶质细胞占70%),色素上皮细胞约25%。本研究发现PVRB级玻璃体切割物均来自视网膜脱离伴黄斑裂孔的病例,其中非色素细胞凋亡数量最多;PVRC级的非色素细胞凋亡数量明显较PVRB级减少;PVRD1级的非色素细胞凋亡数量又较PVRC级明显减少;PVRD2级的非色素细胞凋亡数量最少。PVRB级的玻璃体切割物中偶尔可见色素上皮细胞,PVRC、D1
