1通过作者名检索医学文献
打开网页http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Entrez,可见到页面。在空框内键入作者名,姓在前,空一格,再键入名的第一个字母,按回车键或用鼠标单击空框旁的Go按钮,电脑屏幕上就会显示该作者发表的有关生物医学的论文。在不设定显示参数的情况下,电脑每屏显示20篇文献。例如键入作者名Bondolfi G,检索结果为11篇论文,如下:
1Bondolfi G,Dufour H,Patris M,May JP,Billeter U,Eap CB,Baumann P.Related ArticlesRisperidone versus clozapine in treatment-resistant chronic schizophrenia:a randomized double-blind study.The risperidone study group.Am J Psychiatry,1998 Apr,155(4):499~504
PMID:9545995;UI:98207623
2Bertschy G,Bryois C,Bondolfi G,Velardi A,Burdry P,Dascal D,Martinet C,Baettig D,Baumann P.Related ArticlesThe association carbamazepine-mianserin in opiate withdrawal:a double blind pilot study versus clonidine.Pharmacol Res,1997 May,35(5):451~6
PMID:9308074;UI:97453362
……
11Bondolfi G,Muller C.Related ArticlesApropos of the new mental health law in Italy.Schweiz Arch Neurol Psychiatr,1988,139(1):39~49.French
PMID:2451280;UI:88178019
这些论文都与精神分裂症、抑郁症等精神疾病有关。单击论文条目的作者名处可获得该篇论文的摘要。以下是第1篇论文的摘要。
1Am J Psychiatry,1998 Apr,155(4):499~504Related Articles,Books,Linkout
Risperidone versus clozapine in treatment-resistant chronic schizophrenia:a randomized double-blind study.The risperidone study group.
Bondolfi G,Dufour H,Patris M,May JP,Billeter U,Eap CB,Baumann P.Department Universitaire de Psychiatrie Adulte,Prilly-Lausanne,Switzerland
Objective:The purpose of this study was to compare the short-term efficacy and safety of risperidone and clozapine in treatment-resistant chronic schizophrenic patients.Method:In a controlled double-blind,multicenter study,86 inpatients with chronic schizophrenia(DSM-Ⅲ-R),who were resistant to or intolerant of conventional neuroleptics,were randomly assigned to receive risperidone or clozapine for 8 weeks after 7-day washout period.After a 1-week dose-titration phase,doses were fixed at 6mg/day of risperidone and 300mg/day of clozapine for 1 week and then adjusted according to each patient's response.The final mean doses were 6.4mg/day of risperidone and 291.2mg/day of clozapine.Treatment efficacy and safety were evaluated with several wellknown rating scales.Results:Both risperidone and clozapine significantly reduced the severity of psychotic symptoms (scores on the positive and negative syndrome scale and the clinical global impression scale)from baseline,with no significant between-group differences.At endpoint,67% of the risperidone group and 65% of the clozapine group were clinically improved (reduction of 20% or more in total positive and negativ syndrome scale score).Risperidone appeared to have a faster onset of action.In both groups extrapyramidal symptoms and other adverse events were few,and their severity was generally mild.Neither group showed evidence of a relation between drug plasms concentrations and clinical effectiveness.Conclusion:Risperidone was well tolerated and as effective as medium doses of clozapine in patients with chronic schizophrenia who had been resistant to or intolerant of conventional neuroleptics.
Publication types:Clinical trialMulticenter studyRandomized controlled trial
Comments:
Comment in:Am J Psychiatry,1999 Jul,156(7):1126~7;discussion 1127~8
Comment in:Am J Psychiatry,1999 Jul,156(7):1127;discussion 1127~8
PMID:9545995;UI:98207623
如想获得更多的相关文献资料,可单击条目中的Related Articles处,例如单击第一篇论文的Related Articles处,会显示159篇相关论文。
2通过疾病名检索医学文献
在上述的同一空框内键入疾病的英文名,如schizophrenia,检索结果可以得到46 133篇论文,以电脑每屏显示20篇计,需显示2 000多屏。怎样在这么多的论文中找到所需的资料呢?PubMed为人们提供了限制选项,单击空框下的Limits按钮,会出现一个新的页面,显示多个选项,如论文类型选项,有临床试验、综述、评论等;年龄选项有婴儿、学前儿童、学龄儿童、青少年、成年人等;语言选项有英语、法语、德语、俄语等;Entrez收录日期(Entrez data)有30天、60天、90天、180天、1年、2年等选项;论文发表日期选项,可直接键入一个时间范围,如从1998.01.01到1999.12.31。利用这些选项可缩小检索的范围,如仅仅在Entrez收录日期项中选择30天,上述结果就可缩小到236篇。又如在空框内键入depression(抑郁症),可检索到119 457篇文献,若Entrez收录日期项限制在30天,只得到其中的442篇文献。
3利用关键词检索医学文献
以implant(移植)为例,在空框中键入implant,表示所有以implant开端的单词,包括implant,implants,implantation,和implantable等,凡是含有这些关键词的论文都在检索范围之内。键入implant后,检索结果是128 899篇论文。以这种方法检索的结果,往往会得到非常多的文献资料,根据需要,可设置多个选择项来缩小范围,获得自己所需的资料。
以上简要介绍了通过PubMed检索医学文献的3种基本方法,检索获得的文献量的多少还可以反映国际上医学研究的热门领域。如前例,通过PubMed检索到有关精神分裂症的文献是46 133篇,而抑郁症方面的文献是119 457篇,后者明显多于前者,说明在这两种疾病之间,目前有更多的人员从事抑郁症的研究。
(收稿:2000-07-24)
