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女性尿失禁病人静止状态下的膀胱颈功能

2022-07-29
来源:求医网
【摘要】目的探讨前列腺增生症(BPH)致膀胱流出道梗阻(BOO),及其相关问题。方法采用排尿期尿道测压(MUPP)检测43例BPH患者,以压力下降梯度(MUPPG)计算梗阻程度,同时行膀胱等容收缩试验测最大逼尿肌等容收缩压(Piso);进行国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS),经腹壁B超测前列腺体积(V)。结果43例BPH中38例存在BOO(88%),梗阻位于膀胱颈部28例(77%);MUPPG与IPSS、V、Piso呈正相关。结论MUPP能检测并计算BOO程度;BOO是BPH的病理基础,临床症状、逼尿肌代偿与其相关。

Clinical significance of micturitional urethral pressure profilometry in benign prostatic hyperplasia

ZHANG zhenbao*,ZHANG Shichun,QI Fan,et al.

department of Urology,the Secend Affiliated Hospital,Medical College of Shantou university,Shantou 515031

【Abstract】ObjectiveTo increase the understanding of clinical manifestations of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Methods43 inpatiants with BPH were studied.Symptoms were assessed with international prostatic symptom score (IPSS).Prostate volume (V) was estimated by transabdominal ultrasonography.The maximum isometric contraction pressure (Piso) was meassured by the continuous occlusion test,and bladder outlet obstruction(BOO) was meassured by micturitional urethral pressure profilometry (MUPP).The severity of the obstruction was determined by the magnitude of the micturitional urethral pressure profile gradiend (MUPPG).Results38 out of 43 cases suffered from BOO (88%).There were 28 cases with obstruction near bladder neck (77%).There was significant correlation between MUPPG and iPSS(r=0.5083,,P=0.003);between MUPPG and V(r=0.4472,,P=0.018);between IPSS and v(r=0.3651,,P=0.022);between MUPPG and Piso (r=0.8869,P=0.0001).ConclusionsThese results suggested somewhat intimate relationships among severity of BOO,prostate volume and symptoms.The increase in detrusor contractility with increasing outlet obstruction suggested a compensatory response to obstruction.

【Key words】Prostatic hypertrophyUrethral obstruction

膀胱流出道梗阻(BOO)是前列腺增生症(BPH)的病理基础,了解是否存在BOO对临床治疗BPH有重要意义。本研究采用排尿期尿道测压(MUPP)来检测BOO,探讨与BOO相关的临床问题。

材料与方法

本组BPH患者43例。年龄50~85岁,平均65岁。无明显的神经系统疾病,尿检阴性。皆询问并填写国际前列腺症状评分表(IPSS);行经腹壁B超检查前列腺,计算前列腺体积V=π/6×上下径×左右径×前后径;采用Menuet compact TM尿动力仪行膀胱等容收缩试验和MUPP[1],在排尿期尿道压力下降大于10cmH2O(1cmH2O=0.098kPa)为梗阻存在的诊断标准,压力下降的位置为梗阻部位,压力下降梯度代表梗阻程度[2]。所有病例皆行经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP),术前和术后出院前检测尿流率。数据处理采用t检验和直线相关分析。

MUPP检查方法:采用10F双腔尿道测压管,一腔开口于顶端,用来测膀胱压,另一腔开口于侧孔(距顶端5cm),用来灌注膀胱和测尿道压。首先行静态尿道测压(UCPP),采用自动退管装置,速度为5mm/s,泵水速度为3ml/min。再重新插入测压管,根据测压管上的刻度确保插入深度相同;充盈膀胱到病人感强烈尿意后,嘱患者排尿;待尿流平稳后,以同样的速度退管,同样的速度灌注尿道测压管。此时要注意测压管不要被尿流冲出。在检测过程中,采用双手交替护着测压管,跟着退管装置的速度退管,直到测压管完全退出为止。

结果

43例BPH中38例存在BOO,梗阻发生率为88%。梗阻位于膀胱颈部者28例,占梗阻的74%;梗阻在前列腺尿道远部者6例;两处都表现有梗阻者4例。梗阻病例术前最大尿流率(Qmax)0.7~15.2ml/s,平均(8.6±5.1)ml/s;术后Qmax6.1~27.2ml/s,平均(17.5±7.4)ml/s,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。

43例BPH排尿期尿道压力下降梯度(MUPPG)与IPSS、前列腺体积(V)、和最大逼尿肌等容收缩压(Piso)的均值分别为(60.0±30.5)cmH2O、(20.2±7.4)cm3、(38.4±15.3)cm3和(118±59.4)cmH2O;MUPPG与V(r=0.447,P=0.018)、IPSS(r=0.508,P=0.003)和Piso(r=0.887,P=0.0001)皆呈正相关,V与IPSS也呈正相关(r=0.365,P=0.022)。

讨论

采用MUPP诊断下尿路梗阻的原理如下:液体在一个弹性管道(如尿道)中流动,任何点的总压皆为静水压和动力压的总和;总压可通过开口于顶端的、面对液流的测压腔测得,而静水压可通过开侧孔的测压腔测得;临床通用静水压这项参数,梗阻以上部位的静水压升高,梗阻部位的静水压下降。据此可诊断梗阻以及梗阻的部位。这样,确定压力下降位置为本项检查的第一要素。本研究利用电脑技术,以记录纸上本身方格为标记,以UCPP的图形为基准来确定膀胱颈、外括约肌以及前列腺尿道的位置,从而确定MUPP的压力下降位置。

一般来说,BPH的发病首先为组织学上的增生发展为解剖学上的增生,压迫前列腺尿道(并有动力因素)产生BOO,临床上只有2/3~3/4的BPH病人有BOO[3]。本组病例皆为住院手术病人,故梗阻发生率较高。梗阻发生的部位由增生前列腺组织压迫尿道的部位决定。本组38例有BOO的病人中,梗阻发生在膀胱和前列腺尿道交界处者28例,占梗阻的绝大多数,与文献报道相符[4]。了解BPH梗阻部位对选择术式很有意义,梗阻在膀胱和前列腺尿道交界处者首选TURP,梗阻在前列腺远部者行TURP效果差,且易发生尿失禁,仍以开放手术为好。本组梗阻病例皆行TURP,梗阻都得到明显改善,术后尿流率显著增加,可能与手术技巧的改进有关。

BPH并发膀胱功能改变包括膀胱顺应性的改变、膀胱稳定性的改变和膀胱收缩力的改变。Piso是衡量逼尿肌收缩力的金标准。本研究发现MUPPG与Piso呈正相关,说明随梗阻程度增加逼尿肌收缩力也显著增加,梗阻后逼尿肌有代偿性反应。与Sullivan等[5]报道的结果相同。

由于前列腺增生组织学上的异质性,膀胱出口梗阻的多原性,以及临床症状的多相性,使得前列腺增生体积,BOO程度以及症状积分三者之间的关系复杂。有文献报道三者之间呈正相关[6-8],另有认为三者之间无明显的相关性[9,10]。这种研究结果上的差异可能与研究对象的选择,梗阻诊断方法和标准的不同有关。总的倾向认为:前列腺增生体积,症状积分和BOO三者之间有一种脆弱的相关性。本研究结果也显示三者之间皆呈正相关,这就为临床上手术切除增生前列腺组织,从而解除梗阻,缓解症状提供理论依据。

参考文献

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