The Expression of Multiple Drug Resistance Associated Genes in Ovarian Cancer
CHENG GuojunZHU HuaSUN Liyaet al
(Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Chinese People′s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing100853, China)
Abstract:ObjectiveThe aim of the investigation was to find out the relationship between the expression of multidrug resistance gene (MDR1), multidrug resistance protein (MRP), lung resistance protein (LRP) and glutathione S-transferase pi(GST-π) with the clinical pathological characteristics and the prognosis in the ovarian cancer patients who never received chemotherapy before operation. MethodsThe expression of MDR1, MRP, LRP and GST-π in 41 cases of ovarian cancer, 25 cases of benign ovarian tumor and 12 normal ovary tissue were investigated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). ResultsIn normal ovary, benign tumor and ovarian cancer, the positive expression of MDR1 was 0.0%, 0.0% and 29.3%, the positive of MRP was 16.7%、12.0% and 53.7%, the positive of LRP was 25.0%、52.0% and 87.8%, the positive of GST-π was 8.3%、12.0% and 51.2% respectively. The ratios of co-expression of multiple genes in ovarian cancer were much higher than that in benign ovarian tumor. All tested genes showed no significant relationship to the clinical stage, histological type and the differentiation of the tumor except that the expression of MDR1 and MRP was closely related to the differentiation (P<0.05). The non-responders to platinum or taxol based combination chemotherapy exhibited higher ratios of MDR1 and MRP expression than the responders (P<0.05). Furthermore, the co-expression phenomenon was more common in non-responders. ConclusionsMultiple gene expression is involved in drug resistance in ovarian cancer. The co-expression of MDR1, MRP, LRP and GST-πis higher in ovarian cancer than that in benign ovarian tumor and normal ovary tissue. The expression of MDR1 and MRP is closely related to the tumor differentiation and the response to chemotherapy.
Key words:Ovarian neoplasms;Genes, MDR;Multidrug resistance associated protein;Glutathione transferases▲
对化学治疗(化疗)耐药是卵巢癌治疗失败的主要原因之一。国内外研究表明,肿瘤耐药涉及细胞内药物浓度降低、药物靶分子改变、代谢解毒、DNA损伤修复功能增强等多种机理,与多种耐药相关基因有关[1]。本研究采用定量逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR),同时测定了多药耐药基因(MDR1)、多药耐药相关蛋白(MRP)、肺耐药相关蛋白(LRP)和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GST-π)等多个耐药相关基因在卵巢肿瘤组织中的表达, 以了解其意义。
资料与方法
一、研究对象
选自1995年1月至1997年12月间,在解放军总医院妇产科住院进行手术治疗的患者共78例,其标本均经病理检查证实。其中卵巢良性肿瘤25例;卵巢癌41例;另取正常卵巢12例(因妇科良性疾病手术切除)作为对照。卵巢良性肿瘤包括浆液性上皮瘤10例,粘液性上皮瘤7例,成熟畸胎瘤6例,良性Berner瘤1例,卵巢冠囊肿1例。卵巢癌包括浆液性乳头状囊腺癌(浆液癌)20例,粘液性乳头状囊腺癌(粘液癌)5例,透明细胞癌7例,子宫内膜样癌2例,未分化腺癌6例,内胚窦瘤1例。其中,临床Ⅰ期3例,Ⅱ期5例,Ⅲ期30例,Ⅳ期3例,36例在术后1周内开始化疗,共接受了6~13个疗程的化疗,方案以PAC(顺铂,阿霉素,环磷酰胺)或泰素加PC(顺铂,环磷酰胺)方案为主。
二、方法
1.标本收集:手术切除后1 h内,将标本置于液氮保存。所有病例在手术前均未接受化疗。
2.引物设计:根据从Genbank中查到的各基因序列设计聚合酶链反应(PCR)引物,分别为MDR1:5′GTACCCATCATTGCAATAGC3′,5′CAAACTTCTGCT- CCTGAGTC3′;GST-π:5′CAGGAGGGCTCACTCAAA- G3′,5′GATCAGCAGCAAGTCCAGCAG3′; MRP:5′ATGGACTACACAAGGGTGATCG3′,5′TCCGCATCTCT- GTCTCTCC3′;LRP:5′GAGCAGTTCACAGTGTTGT- CC3′,5′AAAGCCAAAGACAGCAGTGCG; 内参基因肌动蛋白(β-actin):5′ACACTGTGCCCATCTACGAGG3′,5′AGGGGCCGGACTCGTCATACT3′。 MDR1、GST-π、MRP、LRP和β-actin的扩增片段的长度分别为167bp、350bp、337bp、342bp和240bp。
3.RNA提取:参照TRIzol试剂盒(美国GIBCO BRL公司产品)说明书进行。
4.逆转录(RT)合成cDNA:将RNA稀释为1 μg/μl。取5 μl RNA加5×RT buffer 4 μl, dNTP(2 mmol/L) 1 μl, Oligo(dT) (100 μg/μl) 2 μl, 三蒸水 3 μl, 65℃水浴变性5 min,加RNasin(20 U/μl)0.5 μl, AMV(10 U/μl)1 μl (均为美国Promega公司产品)。 42℃水浴60 min。95℃ 5 min灭活AMV。
5.PCR扩增及电泳:(1)扩增体系:10×buffer 1 μl, dNTP (2 mmol/L) 1 μl, 引物(5 μmol/L)各1 μl, 甲酰胺5 μl ,cDNA100 ng, Tag DNA聚合酶(4 μg/μl) 0.3 μl,加三蒸水补充体积至10 μl。94℃变性5 min后进入循环,94℃变性30 s,55℃ 退火30 s, 72℃延伸1 min, 30个循环后72℃10 min。PCR对照:每次PCR均设立阴性对照(加1 μl H2O代替cDNA)和阳性对照(分别加1 μl含MDR1、MRP、GST-π、LRP或β-actin靶片段的重组质粒)。在80V电压下,2%琼脂糖凝胶电泳1 h,紫外光下检查有无特异条带。
6.PCR产物定量分析:PCR产物经KODAK数字成像系统照相,采用ID软件分析条带吸光度值。
7. 耐药判断标准:手术后1周内,开始接受正规化疗,至少6个疗程。每个疗程开始前,均行妇科检查和B超、X线胸片、血清CA125等检查。在手术后1年内,如出现肿瘤复发、肿瘤体积增大25%或CA125逐渐上升,则视为耐药。
三、统计学处理
以SPSS软件进行χ2检验。
结果
一、耐药基因的表达
在正常卵巢、良性卵巢肿瘤和卵巢癌组织中,MDR1的阳性表达分别为0.0%、0.0%和29.3%;GST-π阳性表达率分别为8.3%、12.0%和51.2%;MRP阳性表达率分别为16.7%、12.0%和53.7%;LRP阳性表达率分别为25.0%、52.0% 和87.8%。卵巢癌组织中上述4项指标均明显高于正常卵巢和良性卵巢肿瘤(P<0.05),而正常卵巢和良性卵巢肿瘤比较,差异无显著性(P>0.05)。
二、耐药基因表达与临床病理特征
1. 耐药基因表达与临床分期:41例卵巢癌中,临床Ⅰ期3例,Ⅱ期5例,Ⅲ期30例,Ⅳ期3例。Ⅲ~Ⅳ期的GST-π和LRP阳性表达率分别为48.5%和87.9%, 与临床Ⅰ~Ⅱ期很相近(P>0.05)。Ⅲ~Ⅳ期的MDR1和MRP的阳性率分别为33.3%和60.6%,明显高于Ⅰ~Ⅱ期(Ⅰ期8例中1例,Ⅱ期8例中2例),但由于Ⅰ~Ⅱ期的例数较少,两者比较,差异无显著性(P>0.05)。
2.耐
