Treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Related Infertility with Clomiphene Resistance by Compound Cyproterone Acetate
TAO Yu, DAI Qing, ZHANG Deyong, et al.
Peking Union Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy and safety of compound cyproterone acetate (CPA Co,or Diane-35) in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and to explore its potential role in improving the outcome of ovulation induction in clomiphene (CC) resistant cases.MethodsTwenty -nine proven PCOS patients were enrolled. Seventeen out of them, including 16 who were resistant to CC, had anovulatory infertility. CPA Co was given for 4~6 cycles. Serum luteinizing hormone(LH), follicle stimulating hormone(FSH), estradiol(E2), testosterone(T), androstenedione(A), dehydroepiandrosterone (Ds), sex hormone binding globvlin (SHBG), insulin concentrations, total cholesterol, triglycerides(TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C), low density lipoprotein- cholesterol(LDL-C), apolipoprotein A, apolipoprotein B and transvaginal pelvic ultrasonography were determined before, 2~3 cycles and 4~6 cycles after treatment. After stopping the drug, CC or human menopausal gonadotropin were re-administered in 12 patients (22 cycles) and 5 cases (6 cycles) respectively for induction of ovulation.ResultsAll patients had regular uterine bleeding during CPA Co therapy. Acne improved in 8 cases. Hirsute score didn't decrease significantly. Serum LH, FSH, E2, A, T, Ds concentrations decreased significantly (P<0.05~0.01), while SHBG levels increased by 5.1 times after treatment. Meanwhile, bilateral ovarian volumes shrunk and follicle numbers decreased significantly (P<0.05~0.01). Serum insulin levels did not change significantly. As to the lipid profile, the most striking change was55.1% increase of HDL-C and 23.0% decrease of LDL-C, although TG also increased by 36.2%. 58.6% of patients had mild and transient adverse effects. Serum alanine transaminase increased in 3 cases. After stopping treatment, CC induced 5.3% (by cases) or 45.4% (by cycles) ovulation rate and 2 pregnancies achieved in 12 CC resistant patients.ConclusionCPA Co has antiandrogenic effects on PCOS patients clinically, biochemically and in ovarian morphology. Pretreatment of CPA Co may play a role in improving the outcome of ovulation induction in CC resistant cases.
【Key words】Polycystic ovary syndromeInfertility, femaleCyproterone acetateClomiphene
多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)是最常见的妇科内分泌疾病。可引起月经紊乱、无排卵性不育、多毛、痤疮等,并可增加动脉硬化型血脂异常、糖尿病、子宫内膜癌和乳腺癌的患病风险[1]。PCOS所致无排卵性不育,氯菧酚(CC)治疗妊娠率仅约30%[2]。绝经期促性腺激素(hMG)或促卵泡激素(FSH)因多卵泡发育而终止治疗者约28%,卵巢过度刺激综合征(OHSS)发生率23%[2],处理上对医生是个挑战。本研究采用前瞻开放性自身对照方法,评估复方醋酸环丙孕酮(复方CPA)治疗PCOS的临床疗效、疗程及安全性,探索停药后改善促排卵疗效的可行性。
资料和方法
一、研究对象
1997年3至7月随意选择在我院妇科内分泌门诊就诊的PCOS患者29例,平均年龄(28.2±4.5)岁(20~35岁)。临床表现为稀发月经14例、闭经10例、功能失调性子宫出血4例、无排卵月经1例,不育16例,多毛[Ferriman-Gallwey (F-G)评分>4分]16例、痤疮8例、肥胖17例,稀发排卵3例、无排卵26例。PCOS诊断标准见参考文献[2],其中根据临床、生化、超声检查诊断者22例(75.7%),根据临床、生化检查诊断者25例(86.2%),根据临床、超声检查者26例(89.7%)。雄烯二酮(A)、睾酮(T)、去氢表雄酮硫酸盐(Ds)中任意一项升高者21例(72.4%),胰岛素(INS)升高8例(27.6%)。血清泌乳素(PRL)正常。血脂异常者18例(62.1%),其中甘油三酯(TG)升高14例(48.3%),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和(或)载脂蛋白A(APOa)低者10例(34.5%),载脂蛋白B(APOb)高于正常15例(51.7%)。总胆固醇(TC)及丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)均正常。
16例不育者中,除3例伴有男方少弱精外,属无排卵性不育。16例既往曾用CC平均4(3~9)个周期,未出现双相基础体温(BBT)定为耐药病例,1例曾另用hMG 1个疗程及腹腔镜卵巢激光烧灼治疗,仍无效。均除外肾上腺、甲状腺疾病及子宫内膜非典型增生。无服雌、孕激素禁忌证,近3个月内未用过激素药物。
同时另选10例年龄25~35岁,月经规则,BBT双相,F-G评分<4分,体重指数(BMI)19~24的健康女职工为对照,血清A、性激素结合球蛋白(SHBG)测定正常。
二、方法
1. 复方CPA 治疗:服药指征,16例为耐CC不育,9例为多毛或痤疮,4例为调整月经。皆于自然月经或撤退出血第5天开始,每天口服复方CPA 1片[含醋酸环丙孕酮(CPA)2 mg + 炔雌醇35 μg,即达因35]×21天,停药等待撤退性出血第5天起重复,共4~6个周期。
2. 观察指标:(1)每日记录服药和阴道出血情况,每周期详细询问副反应,复查血压、体重、乳腺、F-G评分及痤疮的变化。(2)治疗前、治疗2~3、4~6个周期末分别测定血清黄体生成素(LH)、FSH、Ds、INS、T、雌二醇(E2)(采用放射免疫方法)、A(采用固相直接放射免疫法)及SHBG浓度(采用固相免疫放射测定法)。各项激素测定批间、批内误差各小于8%及12%。(3)治疗前、治疗第2~3、4~6个周期末分别由专人行经阴道或腹部盆腔超声检查,测量子宫与卵巢的3个径线、子宫内膜厚度及每侧卵巢内卵泡直径及数目。按椭圆形公式计算子宫与卵巢体积。10例对照者在本超声室经阴道测得卵泡中期子宫、卵巢正常值。(4)治疗前及治疗后4~6个周期查ALT及TC、TG、HDL-C、APOa、APOb水平。LDL-C按TC-TG/(5-HDL-C)[3]计算。
3. 停复方CPA后处理:(1)CC促排卵:共16例(29个周期),其中耐CC 12例22个周期,剂量为每日50~150 mg×5天。待卵泡直径>18 mm时,肌注hCG 5000 IU促排卵。(2)小剂量缓增hMG方案:5例(6个周期),其中既往hMG无效1例,耐CC 4例。待至少1个卵泡直径>16 mm和每个卵泡>14 mm、血E2水平>550 pmol/L时,同法肌注hCG促排卵。如用药35天无反应则放弃。(3)其他:2例继续服药,另7例停药观察月经恢复情况。随访到的6例于停药3个月复查血LH、T、INS水平。
三、数据处理
采用foxpro软件建立数据库,SPSS(statistical package of social science)统计软件协助配对或分组t检验进行统计学处理。
结果
一、疗效
1.症状: 29例服药共148个周期,停药后(5.2±1.2)天(±s,下同)(3~10天)皆有撤退性出血,持续(5.4±1.3)天(3~10天)。16例多毛患者治疗
