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米非司酮对子宫肌瘤组织中表皮生长因子基因表达的影响

2022-07-29
来源:求医网
【摘要】 目的 探讨米非司酮对子宫肌瘤组织中表皮生长因子(EGF)基因表达的影响。方法 20例子宫肌瘤患者随机被分为对照组和观察组,观察组从月经周期第1~3天开始,每日服用10 mg米非司酮,连续服用3个月后行子宫全切术。对照组在不同月经周期行子宫全切术。用半定量反转录聚合酶链反应法测定子宫肌瘤组织和周围正常肌层组织中EGF mRNA含量。结果 对照组分泌期肌瘤组织中EGF mRNA含量高于周围正常组织,而增生期肌瘤组织中EGF mRNA含量与周围正常组织比较,差异无显著性。观察组子宫肌瘤组织EGF mRNA含量低于对照组分泌期,而与对照组增生期比较,差异无显著性。结论 米非司酮可能是通过阻断孕激素刺激肌瘤组织中EGF基因的表达,使肌瘤细胞生长受到抑制。

Effects of mifepristone on Gene Expression of Epidermal Growth Factor in humanUterine Leio- myoma Yang Youlin, Zheng Shurong, Zhang zhiwen, et al, People'sHospital, Beijing Medical University, Beijing 100044

【Abstract】 Objectives To study the effects of mifepristone on epidermal growth factor gene expression in human uterine leiomyoma. Methods 20 patients with leiomyoma were divided into two groups. One was control group who underwenthysterectomy because of leiomyoma, the other was experimental group who underwent

hysterectomy after pretreatment with mifepristone 10 mg/daily for3 months. Epidermalgrowth factor (EGF) mRNA was semiquantified in samples of leiomyoma and adjacentnormal myometrium from patients untreated in different phases of menostrual cycle and from those treated with mifepristone. Semiquantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, using β-actin as internal standard, was applied to determine levels of EGF

mRNA. Results Leiomyoma untreated with mifepristone had significantly greater amounts of EGF mRNA than adjacent normal myometrium of uterus only in the luteal phase, but not in the follicular phase of cycle. Similarly, leiomyoma untreated with mifepristone also had significantly larger amount of EGF mRNA than treated leiomyoma in the luteal phase of the cycle, whereas, no difference in the follicular phase of the cycle. Conclusion These findings

suggested that: (1) EGF mRNA levels in leiomyoma were increased only in the luteal phase,therefore, maybe mainly controlled by progesterone; (2) mifepristone inhibited EGF geneexpression in leiomyoma. This may be one of regression mechanism of uterine leiomyomain response to the antiprogesterone mifepristone.

【Key words】 Mifepristone uterine neoplasms Leiomyoma Epidermalgrowth factor-urogastrone

近年来的研究表明,孕激素在子宫肌瘤发病中起重要作用[1]。米非司酮(孕激素受体的拮抗剂)可使肌瘤体积明显缩小[2,3]。但米非司酮治疗子宫肌瘤的机理尚不清楚[4]。本研究探讨米非司酮对子宫肌瘤组织中表皮生长因子(EGF)基因表达的影响,了解米非司酮的作用机理。

资料和方法

一、研究对象

本研究共观察子宫肌瘤患者20例。随机分为观察组和对照组,每组10例。观察组从月经周期的第1~3天开始每日服用米非司酮10 mg,治疗3个月后行子宫全切术。用半定量反转录聚合酶链反应法(RT-PCR),测定肌瘤组织和周围正常组织中EGF mRNA含量。对照组均因子宫肌瘤行子宫全切术,其中增殖期4例,分泌期6例。术前3个月未服用任何药物。其切除标本与观察组做同样处理。治疗期间用B超监测肌瘤体积变化[3]

二、方法

1.RT-PCR操作步骤如下[5]:(1)采用一步法提取组织中总RNA;(2)以RNA为模板反转录合成cDNA;(3)以cDNA为模板行体外扩增,以1.8%~2.0%凝胶电泳,电泳1小时后在紫外灯下观察,146 bp为EGF扩增片段,162 bp为内参照扩增片段。摄相后用激光密度扫描仪计算其吸光度×面积值,与内参照相比较计算其比值。

2.引物:EGF引物1为5′-TCCGACAGCGAG-TGTCCGTTGA-3′,引物2为5′-CACCATTTCA- GATCTCTGTACT-3′。β-actin作为内参照,其引物1为5′-TCCATTCTTCAGTAAGTCAACT-3′,引物2为5′-CTCGCGCTACTCTCTCTTTCT-3′。

3.总RNA行PCR:总RNA不经反转录直接进行PCR,无论是EGF或β-actin均无扩增产物出现。因扩增产物受模板RNA含量和PCR反应周期的影响。我们进行了预实验以确定模板量和反应周期保证PCR产物定量分析是在指数增长期。

结果

一、用药3个月后子宫及肌瘤的变化

观察组在服用药物期间一直处于闭经状态。治疗前子宫和最大肌瘤的体积为314.2cm3和124.3 cm3;用药3个月后,子宫体积缩小为230.6 cm3,比用药前缩小了26.6%(P〈0.01);最大肌瘤的体积平均缩小到72.8 cm3,即缩小了41.4%(P〈0.01)。

二、两组EGF mRNA水平

对照组在增殖期子宫肌瘤组织与周围正常组织中EGF mRNA的含量差异无显著性,分别为0.30±0.23和0.28±0.13,(P=0.81);而在分泌期子宫肌瘤组织中EGF mRNA的含量高于周围正常组织,分别为1.30±0.40和0.54±0.21(P=0.002),也高于增生期肌瘤组织(P〈0.05)。观察组子宫肌瘤组织和周围正常组织EGF mRNA含量分别为0.53±0.25和0.50±0.23,P=0.77,均低于对照组分泌期子宫肌瘤组织的含量(P〈0.05),与对照组增生期比较,差异无显著性(P>0.05)。

讨论

一、孕激素与子宫肌瘤组织中EGF mRNA的关系

本研究结果表明,子宫肌瘤组织中EGF基因表达在增生期与周围正常子宫肌肉组织无明显差异。而在分泌期EGF基因表达明显高于周围正常组织。即有雌激素无孕激素时,EGF基因表达并不增高;有雌激素和有孕激素同时存在时,EGF基因表达则增加。与国外报道结果一致[6]。因此推测,孕激素在调控子宫肌瘤EGF基因表达方面起主要作用。

二、米非司酮与子宫肌瘤组织中EGF mRNA的关系

本研究表明,米非司酮抑制子宫肌瘤组织中EGF的基因表达。这与Harrison-Woolrych等[6]的实验结果相类似。目前,了解到米非司酮作用的主要机理,可能为含米非司酮的二聚体及与DNA结合的复合物的结构与含孕酮不同,不能激活受体的转录活化因子,某些基因不能表达,因而不能发挥孕酮的作用。此外,长期服用米非司酮抑制丘脑下部脑垂体的功能,造成无排卵,孕激素呈低水平,也是缩小肌瘤的原因[2]。米非司酮抑制肌瘤细胞EGF mRNA的表达,可能是该药物治疗子宫肌瘤的作用机理之一。

参考文献

1 Rein MS, Barbieri RL, friedman AJ. Progesterone: a critical role in the pathogenesis of uterine myomas. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1995, 172:14-18.

2 Murphy AA, Kettel LM, Morales AJ, et al. Regression of uterine leiomyoma in response to antiprogestin mifepristone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab,1993, 76:513-517.

3 杨幼林,郑淑蓉,李克敏,等.两种不同剂量米非司酮治疗子宫肌瘤的疗效观察.中华妇产科杂志,1996,31:624-626.

4 Yen SS, Murphy AA, morales AJ. Use of antiprogestone in the management of endometriosis and leiomyoma. In: Molla S. Clinical applications of mifepristone(RU486) and other antiprogestins. Washington: Academy, 1993.189-197.

5 Haining RE, Schofield JP, Jones DS, et al. Indentification of mRNA for epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor present in low copy number in human endometrium and decidua using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. J MolEndocrinol, 1991, 6:207-214.

6 Harrison-Woolrych ML, Charnoch-Jones D, Smith SK. Quantification of messenger ribonucleic acid for epidermal growth factor in huamn myometrium and leiomyoma using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. J Clin endocrinol Metab, 1994,78:1179-1184.

(收稿:1996-10-20 修回:1997-05-05)