结论:降压治疗对QOL均有改善,三种联合方式均较单用具有更好的综合降压效 果,对高血压患者生活质量的影响明显优于三药单用。
分类号:R544.1;R972;N34文献标识码:A
文章编号:1006-2866(2000)01-0044-02
Impacts of Antihypertensive Drugs on Quality of Life, A Prospective,
Ran domized, Double-blind Study
QIN FangRUAN LeiZHU ShiZHANG Tingjieet al
(Chengdu No.1 Municipal Hospital, Chengdu 610016,Sichuan,PRC)
ABSTRACT:Objective:To campare the antihypert ensive effects of single drug or combined medication of nitrendipine, atenolol and captopril on the quality of life(QOL) o f hypertensives.Methods:A prospective, randomized, double-blind study was performe d on 1026 hypertensive patients of both sexes, aged 40~79 years with a blood pressure (BP )≥140/90 mmHg and <220/130 mmHg. Patients were randomly alloc ated to take one of the following regimen for 6 months:(1)Captopril group 56 mg/ d average(n=171);(2)Atenolol group average 42 mg/d(n=168); (3)Nitrendipi ne group 23 mg/d average(n=172); (4)Captopril 45 mg/d+Atenolol 26 mg/d group (n=171); (5)N itrendipine 18 mg/d+Atenolol 26 mg/d group(n=173); (6)Nitrendipine 18 mg/d+C aptopril 45 mg/d group(n=173) . The BP, HR and side effect were observed. All patients were asked to answer 6 serial questions referring to quality of life(QOL) on a self- determining inqui ring sheet before and after the treatment. Six-hundred age-matched normotensiv e subjects without chronic diseases served as control.Results: Normotensive subjects appeared to have a better QOL in all respects than hypertensive patients in the pre-treatment assessment, especially in emotions (P<0.05), well-being and feelings (P<0.05),sexual activity and sleeping (P<0.05),and total scores of QOL (P<0.05). All treatment groups except nitrendipine showed an improvement of QOL after the treatment groups. Furthermore, total scores of QOL indicat ed that the QOL in all combined medication groups were improved much better than in single drug groups . Among three combined medication groups, captopril plus nitrendipin e group showed a better QOL status compared to nitrendipine + atenolol or captopri l +atenolol(P<0.01). No significant difference in QOL was found between the latter two groups(P<0.05). Among the single dr ug groups, atenolol had a better score in cognition (P<0.01) and emotion (P<0.01) than those of captopril or nitrendipine group. The rate of improve ment of QOL in patients of combined medication groups (5.8%) was 6-fold higher than those of single drug groups(0.8%,P<0.01).Conclusion: It is concluded that combined medications of antihyperte nsive drugs is better than single drug either in the effect of decrease of blood pressure or in the improvement of QOL of hypertensive patients.
key Word:QOL;Hypertension;Combined medication;Ran domized study▲
过去10年中,慢性疾病与老年患者的生存质量日益受到关注[1 ~5],这是由于科技与人类文明的发展使人们对人类存在意义更深入全面理解的结果。人类的生存包括生存时间与生存质量两方面,人类社会的发展(包括过去几千年),决定早期医学主要解决生存时间的问题 ,只有现代才可能认识生存质量改善的必要。许多慢性疾病包括心脑血管病,当药物干予时,生存时间延长,常须生存质量付出高昂代价。高血压,尤其是轻中度患者,常有8~12年无症状期,虽然治疗可减少并发症与死亡,但治疗常可带来许多不利,包括对患者生活、机体功能、不适症状以及对血液生化与心血管结构的影响。当代有两个情况更强化了生活质量问题的重要性,其一是大多高血压患者须终身治疗,至少是长期治疗,其二是目前已有数百种药物可降压,因而,除费用外,药物对生存质量的利弊将是药物选择的最重要因素。近年国外有的研究包括TOMH在这方面进行了有益的探索[6],国内也有少数零星报告 [7,8]。但生存质量的概念,评价方法,临床应用均无定论,并有待深化。本文报告600例正常对照及102 6例轻中度高血压患者,采用6种方式治疗对生存质量影响的随机双盲研究结果。
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS
研究设计:
本研究为前瞻性、双盲、随机并行协作研究,由成都制药四厂统一提供安慰剂及各组药物,参加观察医师及患者在双盲下按统一方案进行问诊、查体、化验及物理检查,由专门人员统一评定疗效、转归。
研究对象:
纳入标准:普查,初诊或住院患者,年龄40~79岁,男、女性,血压不同日测定SBP≥140/90 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),<220/130 mmHg。
排除标准:明确的继发高血压、纯舒张期高血压、心肌病、肺心病、糖尿病、心瓣病、有心肌梗塞、心衰、 中风、肾功不全史者,以及哮喘、肺功不全、病窦、严重窦缓、传导阻滞、妊娠、对药物有确切过敏史者。不能合作者。
正常对照:年龄40~79岁血压正常,无其他慢性疾病者。
观察方法:
初选符合纳入标准者,经八周安慰剂洗脱期,血压仍符合标准者, 进行资料全面收集(病史、查体、身高体重、血压、生化测定、EKG、 超声心动图、生活质量调查等)。采用密封信封系统, 按年龄分层(≥60岁,〈60岁)后,随机分入以下6组:
A组 卡托普利组12.5 mg二次,无不良反应 25~75 mg/d 分次,平均剂量56 mg
B组 氨酰心安组12.5mg二次,无不良反应 25~50 mg/d分次,平均剂量42 mg
C组 尼群地平组5mg二次, 无不良反应 10~30 mg/d 分次,平均剂量23 mg
D组 A+B组,同A、B组,平均卡45 mg,氨26 mg。
E组 B+C组,同B、C组,平均尼18 mg,氨26 mg。
F组 C+A组,同C、A组,平均尼18 mg,卡45 mg。
观察内容:
(1)血压变化:下降幅度、稳定性、达标率开始每周一次,以后2~4周一次;
(2)生化改变、超声心脏结构、体重指数(BMI=体重kg/身高m2);
(3)药物副作用:为减少人为误差,用药前后症状要求统一询问26 项主要症状,包括头晕、面潮红、心悸、胸闷、厌食、失眠、乏力、下肢水肿、头痛、心动过速、心动过缓、咳嗽、抑郁、心前区痛、尿多、 腹泻、性功能障碍、便秘、晕厥、味觉改变、皮疹、眩晕、严重低血压、腹痛、气短、血管性水肿、其他;
(4)生活质量评定方法:按 Croog等评定标准[1],个别项目曾稍加改动,采用 独立答卷方法,在医生指导下,由患者对所规定下述6个方面的内容中具体问题进行自我判定,同时调查600例40~7
