[中图分类号]R364.3[文献标识码]A
[文章编号]1007-3949(2000)-03-0237-04
Dual Effect of Heparin and Low Molecular Weight Heparin on Cultured Smooth Muscle Cells
CONG Xiang-Feng,LIU Xue-Wen,ZHANG Ying-Shan
(Cardiovascular Institute, CAMS and PUMC, Beijing100037, China)
ABSTRACTAimThe effects of heparin and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) on the growth of cultured human aortic smooth muscle cells(hASMCs) was studied in this article.MethodsThe thirth-passage hASMCs were planted onto 24-well plate.After incubated for 24 h in media supplemented with 10%human serum(HS) and 10%fetal calf serum(FCS), media were changed into low concentration serum(0.5% HS, 0.5%FCS)and continued to incubate for 24 h and cultured by DMEM containing 10%HS either old or fresh, 10%FCS and different concentration of heparin or LMWH (heparin and LMWH were presented as hexuronic acid) together with corresponding control groups (without heparin or LMWH) for 24h, hASMCs growth was estimated both morphologically and by 3 H-TdR incorporation.ResultsBoth heparin and LMWH inhibited the proliferation of well-growth hASMCs, the inhibition rates were 66%, 69%, 69%, and 60%, 68%, 67%, respectively, with no concentration dependent relationship.hASMCs of control (with old HS stored at 4℃ for 2 years) shrank and showed poor-growth pattern while those in groups of different concentrations of LMWH or heparin became well-spread and well-growth pattern.Both heparin and LMWH promoted the proliferation of poor-growth hASMCs, the stimulation rates were 149%, 140%, 180%, and 207%, 246%, 309%, respectively.Conclusions Heparin and LMWH have a dual regulative role (inhibition and promotion) in hASMCs growth.It indicate that they may play an important role in controlling the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and maintaining the integrity of vascular structure.
MeSHHeparin, Low Molecular Weight;Muscle, Smooth;Inhibition;Proliferation
血管平滑肌细胞(smooth muscle cell, SMC)增殖是动脉粥样硬化(atherosclerosis, As)斑块形成的主要因素之一。肝素能抑制培养的鼠血管平滑肌细胞增殖[1,2],但在小肝素分子(low molecular weight heparin, LMWH)这方面的研究较少。本研究以肝素分子为参照,观察用肝素酶降解产生的小肝素分子是否保留其抑制平滑肌细胞增殖的特性,为其作为一种抗血管细胞增殖的药物应用于临床进行初步探讨。
1材料和方法
1.1试剂与材料
肝素(上海生化制药厂),小肝素分子(中国科学院微生物所提供),胰蛋白酶(Difco),DMEM培养粉(Gibco),胎牛血清(Gibco, FCS), 混合人血清(天津血研所, HS),3 H-胸腺嘧啶脱氧核苷(中科院原子能所),其他均为北京化工厂AR级产品。
1.2含肝素及小肝素分子培养基的制备
将肝素及小肝素分子分别溶于双蒸水,测其糖醛酸含量,以mg/L表示。将一定量的DMEM培养粉分别溶于肝素和小肝素分子的水溶液内,以滤膜过滤,4°C储存备用。
1.3平滑肌细胞的培养及分组
将冻存的第二代胎儿主动脉平滑肌细胞37℃迅速解冻,加入含血清的培养基离心5 min(1 000 rpm),弃上清,加入含10%HS和10%FCS的DMEM培养基,接种于塑料培养瓶(25 cm2,95%空气+5%CO2, 37℃)培养,隔2~3天换液一次,5~6天汇合。将培养的人主动脉平滑肌细胞以含0.125%胰蛋白酶和0.02%EDTA-Na2的磷酸缓冲液消化传代,接种于24孔培养板。每孔1 mL(1×104细胞),用含10%HS和10%FCS的DMEM培养基培养24 h后,换低浓度血清(0.5%HS和0.5%FCS)培养基继续培养24 h。
实验共分六组。①不同浓度肝素(含糖醛酸18、35和70 mg/L), 10%HS (放置2年),10%FCS的DMEM培养基。②不同浓度小肝素分子(含糖醛酸18、35和70 mg/L),其他同①。③不同浓度肝素(同①),10%HS (新制备),10%FCS的DMEM培养基。④不同浓度小肝素(同②),其他同③。⑤对照组a:不含肝素及小肝素分子,其他同①或②。⑥对照组b:不含肝素及小肝素分子,其他同③或④。六组hASMC(每种浓度肝素及小肝素分子均种5孔)继续培养24 h。
1.43H-胸腺嘧啶脱氧核苷掺入法
每孔加50μL(10mCi/L)氚标记胸腺嘧啶脱氧核苷, 于37°C、95%空气+5%CO2条件下孵育3 h,吸去培养基加预冷的10%三氯乙酸0.5 mL,4℃固定细胞30 min,吸去三氯乙酸,用冷的磷酸缓冲液洗两次。每孔加0.5mL1%SDS-0.1 mol/L NaOH,37℃ 孵育14 h。然后将细胞裂解液混匀,每孔取300 μL移至装有8 mL闪烁液的闪烁瓶中混匀放置过夜,液闪仪记数。 实验重复一次得到类似的结果。
培养的平滑肌细胞生长的抑制率(%)
=(1-实验组每分钟计数/对照组每分钟计数)×100%
培养的平滑肌细胞生长的促增殖率(%)
=(实验组每分钟计数/对照组每分钟计数-1)×100%
2结果
2.1培养的人主动脉平滑肌细胞的形态
用放置2年混合人血清培养的细胞皱缩,呈现不良的生长状态(图1a, Figure 1a),而同时加入了肝素和小肝素分子培养的细胞伸展,呈现良好的生长状态(图1b和c,Figure 1 and c)。用新制备的混合人血清培养的细胞伸展,呈现良好的生长状态,同时加入了肝素和小肝素分子培养的细胞形态与正常细胞形态相似,但细胞密度有所降低。
图1培养的人主动脉平滑肌细胞形态
Figure 1A: hASMCs poor-growth pattern (control a); B: Stimulation of heparin on poor-growth hASMCs cultured in DMEM; C: Stimulation of LMWH on poor-growth hASMCs cultured in DMEM
2.2肝素及小肝素分子的促增殖作用
从图2(Figure 2)可见,不同浓度的肝素及小肝素分子均能促进生长不良的hASMC DNA合成,其促增殖率分别为149%、140%、180%和207%、246%、309%。
图2不同浓度的肝素及小肝素分子对生长不良的人主动脉平滑肌细胞生长的影响
Figure 2Stimulation rate(%) of poor-growth hASMCs cultured in DMEM containing heparin or LMWH at different concentrations
2.3肝素及小肝素分子的抑制作用
从图3(Figure 3)可见,三种浓度的肝素及小肝素分子对生长良好的hASMC DNA合成均有抑制作用,按照使用的量(18~70 mg 己糖醛酸/L),肝素及小肝素分子对培养的hASMC DNA合成的抑制率分别为66%、69%、69%和60%、68%、67%,二者均无浓度依赖性。
3讨 论
肝素是蛋白聚糖的一种,在临床上一直作为一种重要的抗凝药物。小肝素分子是通过化学方法或特异的酶降解肝素分子所产生的分子量约为4 000~5 000的片断分子。八十年代,国外的研究者一致提出肝素能抑制培养的平滑肌细胞增殖。Pukac等[3]观察到肝素抑制c-fos和c-myc基因的表达。Reilly等[4]提出肝素可阻止细胞进入S期而抑制细胞增殖。
