[中图分类号]R543.1[文献标识码]A
[文章编号]1007-3949(2000)-01-0013-04
Activity and mRNA Expression of Nitric Oxide Synthase in Different Phases of Atherosclerotic Plaques
LI Ya-Jun
( Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029)
SONG Jian-NanNIU Xiao-HongWANG Yu-Huiand WANG Shao-Jun
(Institute of Basic Theory, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China)
ABSTRACTAimTo study the changes in activity and mRNA expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in different phases of atherosclerotic lesion.Methods24 male New Zeland white rabbits were divided into normal control group(6 rabbits) and hypercholesterol group(18 rabbits). At the time of the 8th, 12th and 16th week, 6 rabbits of hypercholesterol group were sacrificed.Using NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry, we studied the activity of NOS.The NOS mRNA expression in aortas in the 16th week was also studied with in situ hybridization.ResultsIn the 8th week, in cholesterol group, there were three different aspects of NADPH-d stains in plaques, which were doubtful positive, positive and strong positive. In the 12th week, there were extensive NADPH-d moderate positive stains in plaques, particularly at the border of intima and media. In the 16th week, the activity and mRNA expression of NOS in both intima and media decreased accompanying with the forming of necrosis core.ConclusionChanges in activity and expression of NOS in atherosclerotic lesion are dynamic with different locations of cells.
MeSHAtherosclerosis; Aortas; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Gene Expression; In Situ Hybridization; Histochemistry
目前,合成一氧化氮(nitric oxide, NO)的关键酶—— 一氧化氮合酶(nitric oxide synthase, NOS)日益引起人们的关注,它在动脉粥样硬化(atherosclerosis, As)斑块中的活性及表达的报道还不一致。本研究观察了兔As病变发展不同阶段主动脉壁的NOS活性及表达变化,旨在探讨NO与As斑块发展之 间的可能作用及其机制。
1材料和方法
1.1动物分组及处理
雄性新西兰白兔24只(由中国药品生物制品鉴定所实验动物繁育场提供),体重2.0~2.5 kg。依体重和血脂水平,分层随机法分为正常组(6只)和实验组(18只)。正常组仅给 普通饲料,按常规方法饲养;实验组每日每只家兔给予100 g高脂饲料。于实验第8周、12周 和16周时,实验组各处死6只动物;正常组动物均于16周时处死。各组动物取第二肋间动脉分 支开口处胸主动脉0.5 cm,纵剖成两份:一份用4%多聚甲醛(pH 7.4)4℃固定2 h,冰冻切片;另一份用10%甲醛固定2天,常规石腊包埋、切片,切片厚5 μm,0℃保存待测。
1.2组织化学染色法检测一氧化氮合酶活性
烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸 - 硫辛酰胺脱氢酶(NADPH-diaphorase,Nd)为Sigma公司 产品。取冰冻切片,加入反应液(1%NADPH,0.1% NBT, 0.3% Triton X-100,pH 8.0),37℃孵育1 h,PBS终止反应。设立阴性对照(反应液中不加NADPH)。显微镜下,胞浆无明显着色信号为弱阳性(±),胞浆蓝染为Nd阳性(+),呈深蓝色为中等阳性(++),接近蓝黑色为强阳性(+++)。
1.3原位杂交法测定一氧化氮合酶mRNA表达
一氧化氮合酶cRNA探针长660 bp,由北京医科大学病理系提供, 方法见文献[1]。杂交结果经苏木素复染。显微镜下,胞浆呈棕黄色显色的为NOS mRNA原位杂交阳性细胞。根据一个视野(×100)下阳性反应颗粒占血管壁面积的比例定为:未见或偶见阳性颗粒为阴性 或弱阳性(±),阳性颗粒少于1/3为阳性(+),阳性颗粒少于2/3为中等阳性(++),阳性颗粒在2/3以上为强阳性(+++) 。
2结果
2.1组织化学染色结果
从图1 (Figure 1)可见,各组血管壁中膜层均深染。主动脉内皮细胞的NADPH-d(Nd)染色 正常组呈强阳性(图1A),实验组普遍弱于正常组。斑块中的Nd染色,实验8周时可见三种不同的表现 形式:2例未见明显的Nd阳性反应(图1B);2例可见平行于管壁呈层状分布的蓝色Nd阳性反应(图1C),根据Van Gieson 染色,我们认为该阳性反应位于平滑肌细胞;2例可见Nd染色呈 强阳性,分布不规则(图1D)。实验12周时,在斑块中可见广泛分布的Nd中等阳性或强阳性反应;中、内膜交界处细胞近似梭形,其Nd反应程度略强于斑块内的细胞(图1E)。实验16周时的Nd染色主要分布在坏死中心周围,呈中等阳性(图1F)。阴性对照无显色。
图1.不同阶段兔主动脉粥样硬化斑块一氧化氮合酶活性(NADPH-d 染色法)
Figure 1.Activity of NOS in aorta of experimental rabbits by NADPH-d stain.
A: normal control (×200). B, C and D: plaques in the 8th week ( ×100),
in this phase, NADPH-d stains showed three different aspects,
which were doubtful positive stains (B), positive stains aligning in order
(C) and a lot of strong positive stains (D).
E: plaques in the 12th week (×200), extensive NADPH -d
moderate positive stains in plaques, particularly at
the border of intima and media. F: plaques in the 16th week (×200),
positive stains were mainly around the necrotic cores of the plaque.
2.2一氧化氮合酶mRNA原位杂交
一氧化氮合酶mRNA原位杂交经苏木素复染后结果(图2, Figure 2)显示:主动脉内膜层正 常组内皮细胞的NOS杂交信号突出于内皮表面,呈深棕色(图2A);而实验组的NOS mRNA表达主要分布在脂质坏死中心周围,呈棕色,坏死中心无NOS mRNA表达(图2B)。阴性对照无杂交信号。
图2.兔主动脉一氧化氮合酶mRNA表达 ( 原位杂交法×100)
Figure 2.Expression of NOSmRNA in aorta of experimental
rabbits by in situ hybridization (×100). A: normal control.
Endothelial cells showed strong positive signals.
B: plaques in the 16th week.Positive signals were
around the necrotic cores of the plaque.
3讨论
一氧化氮合酶分为结构型NOS(constitutive NOS,cNOS)和诱导型NOS(inducible NOS,i NOS)。前者在生理条件下存在,释放基础量的NO,后者的合成释放受诸多因素的影响。血 管内皮细胞合成的NOS(endothelial NOS,eNOS)属于cNOS,而平滑肌细胞、巨噬细胞等被 诱导合成的NOS主要为iNOS。由于内源性一氧化氮(NO)作用的双向性,以及NOS异构体的多 样性,使其在As斑块的发生发展中所处的角色变得复杂起来。有关NOS在As斑块中的活性及 表达尚有不同的报道。Minor等[2]和王宏伟等[3]分别观察到As斑块中NO 释放增加和NOS活性升高;而宋良文等[4]则得到了相反的结果。
