【关键词】高血压大鼠,近交SHR心肌疾病
Observation on the changes of cardiac texture measured by echocardiography and correlated pathological alterations in SHRs
YU XuejunQI WenhangSHEN Xuedonget al
Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Second
Medical University, Shanghai 200025
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo determine the correlation of cardiac texture measured by echocardiography and ventricular hypertrophy and/or myocardial fibrosis of SHRs.Methods In 14-and 24-week old SHR(S, n=12) and wistar rats (W, n=12), cardiac texture was examined (n=24) with echocadiography and computed processing; pathological alterations of the left ventricles was measured with histomorphological methods and biochemical assays.Results Left ventricular hypertrophy(LVH) and myocardial fibrosis (MF) occurred at 14-week [Left Ventricular Index (LVI,mg.g-1): S14 3.66±0.33,W14 2.76±0.30;cardiocyte area (CA,μ2): S14 273.85± 36.80, W14 170.85±24.14; hydroxyl proline concentration (HC,μg.100 mg.dt-1):S14 3.17±0.86, W14 2.45±0.96;S14 vs W14, all P<0.05] and 24-week old SHRs [LVI (mg.g-1): S24 4.14±0.52, W24 2.61±0.42; CA (μ2): S24 450.92±50.07, W24 172.87±18.77;HC (μg.100 mg.dt-1): S24 4.42±0.65, W24 2.97±0.83; S24 vs W24, all P<0.01, S24 vs S14, all P<0.05)], while interstitial and perivascular fibrosis developed in a heterogeneous manner [PVCA (%):S14 1.43±0.21, W14 0.63±0.18, S24 1.59±0.26, W24 0.78±0.25, S14 vs W14, P<0.05), S24 vs W24, P<0.01, S24 vs S14, P<0.05; CVF(%): S14 4.09±1.06, W14 3.89±0.83, S24 6.77±1.55, W24 4.05±0.81, S14 vs W14, P>0.05), S24 vs W24, P<0.01, S24 vs S14,P<0.01]. Mean cardiac grey level of SHRs correlated significantly with MF (y=13.51X-18.57, r=0.647, P<0.05), but had no significant correlation with LVH (r=0.386, P>0.05). Standard deviation of the grey level increased in the 14 -week SHR [S14 14.31±1.69, W14 9.57±0.93, P<0.05] and became normal in the 24th-week ones [S24 10.99±1.06, W24 10.40±2.04, P>0.05), which might be associated with the dynamic changes of interstitial and perivascular fibrosis.ConclusionCardiac texture measured by echocardiography with computed processing could reflect the degree of MF accurately, hower, combined analysis should be conducted, so as to find out the dynamic alterations of interstitial and perivascular fibrosis objectively.
【Key words】hypertension rats, inbred SHR myocardial disease
左室肥厚(LVH)和心肌纤维化(MF)是高血压发病过程中左室重建(LVR)的两种主要病理改变,它们不但引起心肌僵硬度增加、舒张功能继而收缩功能下降,最终导致心力衰竭,还可引起心肌缺血和心源性猝死,对患者的预后有十分重要的影响[1,2]。因此,人们希望找到一种简便的方法对其进行诊断,从而及早进行治疗。传统上应用心脏超声、X线及心脏造影等方法对LVR尤其是LVH进行诊断,但对MF多通过检测心脏舒张功能及计算心肌硬度等方法间接推测,尚无比较直接和特异的方法。目前发现,心脏超声显像显示的心肌密度和MF有较高的相关性,从而为MF的诊断开辟了一个新的途径[3,4]。但在不同的心肌病变中,心肌密度改变的病理基础并不完全相同[4-6]。在高血压病变中,心肌密度的改变与其两种主要病理变化——心肌肥厚和心肌纤维化的关系如何,在高血压发病的不同阶段,心肌密度的变化趋势如何,尚有待进一步探讨。
为此,我们应用与人类高血压病最接近的动物模型——自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)为试验对象,观察在高血压不同阶段超声显像显示的心肌密度和病理显示的LVH、MF的病变程度及变化趋势,并将二者进行比较,试图发现它们的相关性,以便为临床应用提供理论依据。
材料与方法
一、动物模型及分组
实验所用SHR和WKY大鼠,由上海市高血压研究所动物房提供。所有大鼠均为雄性,由标准鼠食喂养。分组情况如下:
1.SHR 12只,分别于14周(S14组)、24周(S24组)处死,进行检测(每组n=6)。
2.WKY 12只,分别于14周(W14组)、24周(W24组)处死,进行检测(每组n=6)。
二、检测内容
1.收缩压测定:大鼠40℃预热15分钟,用大鼠电脑血压心率仪(上海高血压研究所研制),测量大鼠清醒状态下尾动脉的收缩压。
2.左室重量:断头处死大鼠,分离左心室,称取左室湿重,并计算左室重量指数(LVI=左室重量/体重)。
3.测定大鼠心肌内羟脯氨酸浓度:采用Bergman等[7]法测定羟脯氨酸含量,以已知不同浓度的羟脯氨酸作标准曲线。胶原浓度=8.2×羟脯氨酸浓度(μg.100mg-1drywt)。
4.大鼠心肌细胞和胶原的定性及定量分析:取左室中段横断面心肌组织,常规固定、包埋和制片,进行
