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沙土鼠幽门螺杆菌感染胃炎、胃溃疡动物模型的建立及除菌

2022-07-29
来源:求医网
摘要

目的通过Hp的接种,建立沙土鼠Hp感染模型,再现同一病变,并观察除菌治疗前后炎症细胞浸润及细胞增殖的变化,研究Hp的致病过程.

方法用组织化学、免疫组织化学及电镜检测病理组织学变化.

结果Hp感染早期2wk以幽门粘膜为中心可见大量炎性细胞浸润,随着感染时间的增加,炎症越来越重. 感染3mo后幽门部小弯附近可见溃疡出现. 感染的早期以中性粒细胞浸润为主的急性炎症改变,随着感染的持续转变为以淋巴细胞浸润为主的慢性炎症改变及淋巴滤泡的广泛形成. 并可见大量的肥大细胞存在,提示肥大细胞在Hp感染中起着重要作用,但作用机制不清. 炎症处的BrdU标识率明显多于非炎症处,除菌治疗后炎症细胞及BrdU标识率明显减低,提示三联疗法是完全有效的消化性溃疡的治疗剂.

结论Hp可感染沙土鼠导致胃炎、胃溃疡发生,其病理改变与人类类似,沙土鼠是Hp感染理想的动物模型.

中国图书馆分类号R573

Establishment of Mongolian gerbil animal model infected with Hp infection and change of inflammation and proliferation before and after Hp eradication

CHI Jing1, FU Bao-Yu1, Nakajima2, Hatorri2 and Kushima2

1Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China

Subject headingsHelicobacter infection; gastritis; stomach ulcer; disease models, animal

Abstract

AIMTo establish a model of Mongolian gerbil infected by Hp and to observe the changes of the infiltration and the proliferation of inflammatory cells before and after the bactericidal treatment.

METHODSAn animal model of Hp infection by inoculating the Hp strain (American type culture collection) to male Mongolian gerbril MGS/Sea (SPF) aged 6 weeks was induced. Half a month, 1 month and 3 months after inoculation, the animals were killed and HE and immunohistochemistry stains of the gastric mucosa were observed for the pathological changes. Triple bactericidal treatment was adopted 1 month and 6 months after inoculation. At the 4th, 8th and 12th week after the triple treatment, the pathologic alterations between pre- and post-treatment were compared.

RESULTSThe infiltration of a great number of inflammatory cells was observed within the center of the mucosa of pylorus at the second week of Hp infection. With the infection going on, the inflammation became more and more severe and severe. In the 3rd month of infection, ulcer appeared near the lesser curvature of the pylorus. In the early stage of infection, the lesion was acute inflammation characterized by the neutrophilic infiltration, and then converted into chronic inflammation characterized by the lymphocyte infiltration and the wide formation of lymphatic follicles. Large numbers of mast cells existed in the lesion indicating the important effect of the mast cells in the process of Hp infection, but the mechanism was unclear. The BrdU marking rate in the infiltrating part was higher than that of the normal area.

CONCLUSIONInflammatory cells and BrdU marking rate decreased significantly after bactericidal treatment, which confirm that the triple treatment is a fully, effective approach to the treatment of peptic ulcer.

0引言

幽门螺杆菌(Hp)与胃炎、消化性溃疡、胃癌、胃淋巴瘤等关系密切,作为病因正在引起人们重视. 1991年Yotota et al[1],1996年Hirayama et al[2]分别报道了沙土鼠Hp感染动物模型的建立,世界规模的Hp研究正在广泛地进行着. 通过Hp接种,很多消化性疾病在动物体内再现. 对Hp的研究有重要意义. 建立动物感染模型[3],再现同一病变,明确病原菌,观察感染后病理的动态变化,通过除菌治疗,判断治疗效果,开发新的治疗方法是非常必要的. 观察除菌治疗前后炎症细胞浸润及细胞增殖的变化,对Hp的致病过程的研究有重要意义.

1材料和方法

1.1材料沙土鼠(Mongolian gerbil) MGS/Sea (SPF)6周龄,♂,体重50g~55g. Hp使用标准菌株ATCC43504 (American type culture collection). Hp培养:ATCC用280g/LBBL(brucella broth) 0.5mL溶解. 接种于自家制作的含有50mL/L脱纤维马血液及添加剂的基础琼脂培养基上,在微需氧,80mL/L CO2浓度,一定湿度下,36℃孵育48h~72h后进行增菌培养.

1.2方法

1.2.1动物模型Hp增菌后用BBL调制成感染菌液,浓度为2×1011CFU/L,(colony-forming unites) 0.5mL 30min以内用胃管注入24h绝食的沙土鼠胃内,然后再绝食4h,接种连续3d(H组). 接种前30min 400mL/L酒精胃管内注入0.5mL(EH组). 单独400mL/L酒精胃管内注入0.5mL(E组). 对照组给同量的培养液(C组). 接种后0.5,1.0,3.0mo,分别sc标记S期细胞的bromodexyuridine(BRDU)[4] 100mg/kg,1h后屠杀沙土鼠,正中开腹,心脏取血后取出全胃,沿大弯切开,暴露胃粘膜,肉眼观察胃粘膜改变,然后分别经过35mL/L福尔马林,Carnoy 's及MFAA(甲醇,福尔马林,醋酸),40mg/L多聚甲醛固定,石蜡包埋,制成3μm~4μm的连续切片. ①HE染色观察组织病理学改变;②革兰染色及吉姆萨染色用于Hp判定;③Alcian blue (AB)/PAS组织化学粘液染色及肥大细胞免疫组织化学染色计数肥大细胞;④Hp免疫组织化学染色观察,Hp的菌体数量分为:Hp阴性(-),一个腺窝内Hp少于20个,而且只有少数腺窝能看到(+),一个腺窝内Hp少于20个,但多数腺窝能看到或一个腺窝内Hp多于20个,但少数腺窝能看到(++),一个腺窝内Hp多于20个,但所有的腺窝都能看到(+++);⑤BRDU,细胞增殖核抗原(proliferating cell nuclear antigen, PCNA)免疫组织化学染色标记增殖期细胞;⑥白细胞,T,B淋巴细胞免疫组织化学染色观察炎性细胞浸润. T细胞、B细胞、白细胞、肥大性细胞计数使用Oculometer方法(网格计数). 各阳性细胞的定量评价是:在胃粘膜400倍高倍视野(1个网格相当于0.0625mm2)连续计数5~6个视野,把平均值换算成相当1mm2细胞数. 免疫组化染色过程:二甲苯、酒精系列化、脱蜡、脱水、抗原赋活分别用蛋白酶和微波炉处理,Brdu染色前用1N盐酸处理破坏DNA双链结构. 30mL/L过氧化氢加甲醇30min阻断内源性过氧化物酶活性,100mL/L正常血清阻断非特异性反应,第一抗体分别用抗Brdu,PCNA,Hp,T,B淋巴细胞,肥大细胞,多核白细胞抗体,用LSAB免疫组织化学染色方法染色,二重染色时,DAB发色后进行AB染色,苏木素染核,脱水,封片.

1.2.2除菌治疗Hp接种1,6mo后,判断Hp阳性的沙土鼠给予除菌治疗,质子泵抑制剂兰索拉唑(LPZ) 0.4mg/(kg·d),羟氨苄青霉素(AMPC) 30mg/(kg·d)和CAM 30mg/(kg·d),施行3剂并用疗法,连续给药2wk,给药结束后4,8,12wk注射brdu后杀沙土鼠,观察除菌后胃粘膜炎症细胞浸润、淋巴滤泡、肥大细胞、brdu,PCNA等变化. 除菌效果分为完全除菌、著效、有效、无效.

2结果

2.1病理学EH组,感染早期2wk:以幽门粘膜为中心的胃粘膜上皮细胞间及固有层可见以中性粒细胞为主的炎性细胞浸润,急性胃炎的改变,6wk后转变以淋巴细胞浸润为主的慢性炎症反应,粘膜固有层深部可见增生的淋巴滤泡,Hp存在的部位,炎症反应明显,随着时间延长,炎症逐渐加重. 以5mo最为明显. 而且,在幽门部及胃小弯处可见溃疡形成(图1). 细胞体液减少,嗜碱性增强,腺窝加深,管腔变大,不规则. 胃体部粘膜可见糜烂及溃疡愈合后的再生粘膜和假幽门腺性化生成. 上皮细胞核染色质增多,呈现多形性,并可见核分裂象存在及凋亡细胞. 这种炎症性改变在所有试验组沙土鼠内都能看到. C组、H组肉眼及组织学无阳性改变. E组:1mo后粘膜糜烂也恢复正常. HE染色可见胃粘膜的炎性反应及淋巴滤泡的形成(图2). Hp在胃窦部及幽门部粘膜上皮的粘液层,腺窝内,细胞间可见多数Hp存在,菌体量和菌体的存在部位与细胞障碍及炎性细胞浸润的程度有关,菌体量多的部位炎症反应重(图3). AB/PAS染色及肥大细胞免疫组织化学染色炎症处可见肥大细胞增多,提示肥大细胞参与炎症反应(图4). CD3免疫组化染色见图5. T<