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过氧亚硝基阴离子在哮喘豚鼠气道高反应性中的作用

2022-07-29
来源:求医网
关键词: 哮喘;过氧亚硝基阴离子;气道高反应性;豚鼠

【摘要】目的探讨哮喘豚鼠肺内过氧亚硝基阴离子(ONOO-)的生成及其在哮喘气道高反应性形成中的作用。方法18只哮喘豚鼠模型随机分为3组:(1)哮喘组(6只):用10%卵蛋白1 ml腹腔注射致敏,2周后用1%卵蛋白超声雾化吸入复制豚鼠哮喘模型。(2)哮喘加氨基胍(AG)组(6只):诱喘同哮喘组,在每次诱喘前1 h腹腔注射AG 10 mg/kg。(3)正常对照组(6只):用生理盐水代替诱喘剂。每组哮喘豚鼠均用免疫组织化学技术检测肺内ONOO-的生成及定位;用健康豚鼠15只制备气管条,观察外源性ONOO-对离体豚鼠气管条反应性的影响,电镜观察ONOO-对气道上皮细胞的损伤情况。结果哮喘豚鼠支气管肺组织中有ONOO-特异性标志物-硝基酪氨酸(NT)的过量生成,主要分布于气道上皮细胞和小气道周围炎性细胞内;加用AG组,NT阳性细胞减少;正常对照组仅有较少的NT阳性细胞;ONOO- 0.5mmol/L组气管条对各浓度组胺(10-8mol/L除外)的反应性与溶剂对照组比较,差异有显著性(P分别<0.05、<0.01及<0.001);ONOO- 0.5 mmol/L组气管条对组胺反应的敏感性与溶剂对照组比较,差异有显著性(P<0.001);电镜观察ONOO-可致气管粘膜上皮细胞损伤、脱落。结论哮喘豚鼠气道上皮细胞内有过量ONOO-生成,ONOO-可能通过介导气道上皮细胞损伤参与哮喘气道高反应性的形成。

Role of peroxynitrite on airway hyperresponsiveness in asthmatic guinea-pigs

ZHU Tienian,LING Yiling,ZHAO Ruijing,et al.

(Department of Pathophysiology,Hebei Medical University,Shijiazhuang 050017,China)

【Abstract】ObjectiveTo study the formation and localization of peroxynitrite(ONOO-) in the lung tissues of asthmatic guinea pig and investigate the effects of ONOO- on airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma.Methods 18 guinea pigs were randomly divided into three groups of 6 each: (1) asthmatic group: guinea pigs were injected intraperitoneally with 1 ml of 10% ovalbumin. After 14 days,the animals were exposed to aerosol of 1% OVA; (2) aminoguonidine (AG) group: Animal immunization was the same as above,but 1 h before the animals were exposed to OVA aerosol,10 mg/kg AG were injected intraperitoneally.(3) control group. The formation and localization of ONOO- in the lung tissues of the guinea-pig asthma model were observed by immunohistochemical detection. The effect of exogenous ONOO- on contractions of isolated tracheal strips of the guinea-pigs to various concentrations of histamine was examined. The damage of airway epithelial cells induced by ONOO- was observed by electron microscopy.Results There was strong immunoreactivity for nitrotyrosine (NT),a specific marker of ONOO- formation in vivo,in the airway epithelisl cells and inflammatory cells surrounding small airways of the guinea-pigs with asthma. The AG group showed significantly decreased number of NT positive cells in the lung tissues. There were only a few NT positive cells in the control group. The responsiveness of isolated tracheal strips to various concentration of histamine(except 10-8mol/L) in the ONOO- 0.5 mmol/L group were significantly increased compared with the vehicle group. (P<0.05,P<0.01 or P<0.001). The sensitivity of isolated tracheal strips to histamine in the ONOO- 0.5mmol/L group were also increased compared with the vehicle group(P<0.001). Electron microscopical observation of the airways revealed airway epithelial injury and shedding.ConclusionThere was ONOO- overproduction in airway epithelial cells of asthmatic guinea-pigs,which may contribute to airway epithelial damage and hyperresponsiveness in asthma.

【Key words】Asthma;Peroxynitrite;Airway hyperresponsiveness;Guinea-pig

新近研究表明,在体内一氧化氮(NO)与超氧阴离子()可快速反应形成氧化作用更强的过氧亚硝基阴离子(ONOO-),其生物学作用可介导多种细胞损伤,是NO产生病理性损伤的主要发病环节[1]。Ischiropoulos等[2]发现,ONOO-可使蛋白质酪氨酸残基硝基化生成代谢物硝基酪氨酸(NT),而、NO及其氧化还原形式则无此作用,目前公认,NT是ONOO-在体内生成的特异性标志物。应用免疫组织化学技术证实,在急性肺损伤、内毒素血症、肺缺血再灌注损伤等多种与NO和过量产生有关的病理过程中肺组织均有ONOO-特异标志物NT产生[3]。哮喘发病过程中气道上皮细胞及多种炎细胞如嗜酸细胞、中性粒细胞、巨噬细胞等活化可诱生大量NO和[4],关于哮喘发病过程中气道上皮细胞内是否有ONOO-生成及其在气道反应性中的可能作用,目前国内、外报道较少。我们的研究旨在应用豚鼠哮喘模型,观察哮喘豚鼠肺内ONOO-的生成及其定位,以及外源性给予ONOO-对离体豚鼠气管条反应性的影响,探讨哮喘发病过程中气道上皮细胞内ONOO-生成及其在哮喘气道高反应性形成中的可能作用。

材料与方法

一、材料

1.实验动物:健康Dunkin-Hartly豚鼠33只,雌雄不拘,体重350~450 g,由河北省实验动物中心提供。

2.试剂:卵蛋白、诱导型NO合酶(iNOS)抑制剂氨基胍(AG),二氨基联苯胺(DAB)及磷酸组胺(histamine)均为美国Sigma公司产品,硝基酪氨酸单克隆抗体购自美国Cayman公司,试剂盒即过氧化物酶标记的链霉素-亲和素试剂盒,为美国Zymed公司产品,其余试剂均为国产分析纯。

二、方法

1.哮喘豚鼠模型的建立及分组:(1)哮喘组(6只):用10% 的卵蛋白生理盐水腹腔注射致敏,2周后用1%的卵蛋白生理盐水雾化吸入激发;(2)哮喘加AG组(6只):抗原激发前1 h腹腔注射AG 10 mg/kg;(3)对照组(6只):用同样的方法致敏,但用生理盐水代替1% 的卵蛋白生理盐水雾化吸入激发。

2.免疫组织化学染色:各组豚鼠分别于激发后12 h,过量戊巴比妥钠腹腔注射处死,取右下肺组织,10%福尔马林溶液固定,常规石蜡包埋,切片,用于免疫组化和HE染色。SP免疫组化染色步骤:3% H2O2甲醇溶液室温孵育15 min,封闭内源性过氧化物酶活性;10%正常山羊血清室温孵育10 min,封闭非特异性抗原抗体反应;鼠抗硝基酪氨酸单克隆抗体(10 μg/ml)4°C过夜;生物素标记的羊抗鼠IgG 37 ℃ 30 min;辣根酶标记的链霉卵白素37 ℃ 30 min;DAB呈色,苏木素复染。以上各步骤间均以0.01 mol/L(pH 7.2)PBS液彻底冲洗。最后脱水,二甲苯透明,中性树胶封片。

免疫组化染色对照设置:以PBS液(pH 7.2)代替一抗行上述染色作为空白对照。

3.ONOO-的合成:参照Beckman等[1]方法通过淬灭流动反应器(quenched-flow reactor)合成ONOO-,应用日本岛津UV-2201紫外分光光度计测定波长302 nm的ONOO-浓度,-80 ℃冰箱储存备用。将ONOO-储存液于100 ℃加热5 min,制备分解的ONOO-作为分解产物对照。

4.离体气管条对组胺反应性的测定:健康豚鼠15只,击头处死后,剖取气管,沿前正中线纵行切开,以每3个软骨环为一组横切制成气管条。实验分组(每组9条):(1) ONOO- 0.5 mmol/L组;(2) ONOO-分解产物组;(3) 溶剂对照组:溶剂为与(1) 组等pH的0.9%生理盐水。将制备好的气管条悬挂于盛有6 ml Krebs液(NaCl 118 mmol/L,KCl 4.7 mmol/L,CaCl2 2.5 mmol/L,MgSO4 1.2 mmol/L,KH2PO4 1.2 mmol/L,NaHCO3 25 mmol/L,葡萄糖11.1 mmol/L)浴槽中,37 ℃恒温,持续通95% O2和5% CO2混和气体。MS-302多媒体化生物信号记录分析系统记录气管条张力变化。以0.1 mmol/L组胺预收缩气管条,于气管条恢复基础张力后,在浴槽中加入ONOO-避光孵育15 min,更换Krebs液,至肌条稳定后,用累积方法建立组胺累积浓度-反应曲线。