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99mTc-TRODAT-1放射自显影对帕金森病大鼠模型多巴胺转运

2022-07-29
来源:求医网
关键词: 载体蛋白质类;帕金森病;射自显影术

【摘要】目的探讨99mTc-TRODAT-1多巴胺转运蛋白(DAT)显像临床应用价值。方法应用6-羟基多巴胺(6-OHDA)建立完全损毁及部分损毁一侧帕金森病(PD)大鼠模型,以99mTc-TRODAT-1作为配体,采用放射自显影观察一侧PD大鼠模型DAT分布及其密度,高效液相-电化学方法检测模型大鼠纹状体多巴胺(DA)及其代谢产物含量,免疫组化酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)染色观察模型大鼠黑质及纹状体TH阳性细胞及纤维。结果6-OHDA损毁侧纹状体放射性浓集明显低于未损毁侧,完全损毁模型的纹状体放射性浓集最低。纹状体DA含量部分损毁及完全损毁较未损毁侧分别降低39%和98%。TH染色可见损毁侧黑质及纹状体TH阳性细胞及纤维明显少于对侧。结论PD大鼠模型损毁侧纹状体DAT密度降低,且与损毁程度有关。99mTc-TRODAT-1 DAT显像研究可能有助于PD的早期诊断。

Autoradiographic study on dopamine transporter in rat model of Parkinson's disease with 99m Tc-TRODAT-1

LIU Zhenguo

(Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Clinical & Research Center for Parkinson's Disease, Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai 200025,China)

CHEN Shengdi

(Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Clinical & Research Center for Parkinson's Disease, Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai 200025,China)

FANG Ping, et al.

(Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Clinical & Research Center for Parkinson's Disease, Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai 200025,China)

【Abstract】ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical effect of dopamine transporter(DAT) imaging with 99m Tc-TRODAT-1 .MethodsCompletely and partially lesioned rat models of hemiparkinsonism were rendered by an unilateral infusion of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the right substantia nigra and median forebrain bundle or substantia nigra alone. Distribution and density of DAT in rat models of hemiparkinsonism were evaluated by autoradiography with 99mTc-TRODAT-1. The levels of dopamine(DA) and its metabolites were measured with high performance liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection(HPLC-ECD). The tyrosine hydroxylase(TH) positive cells and fibres in substantia nigra and striatum of the models were observed with immuno-histochemical staining. ResultsThe radioactivity in the lesioned striatum was significantly decreased as compared with that in the intact one. The radioactivity in the lesioned striatum of the completely lesioned model was lower than that of the partially lesioned model. The levels of DA in the lesioned striatum of the partially and completely lesioned models decreased by 39% and 98%, respectively, as compared with those of the unlesioned one. The loss of TH positive cells and fibres in the substantia nigra and striatum was found in the lesioned side of both the completely and partially lesioned models. Conclusions The density of DAT in the lesioned striatum is markedly reduced in the hemiparkinsonian rat models, and it is related with the degree severity of the lesion. Imaging study of DAT may be helpful for the early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease.

【Key words】Carrier proteins; Parkinson's disease; Autoradiography

多巴胺转运蛋白(dopamine transporter,DAT)是位于多巴胺(DA)能神经元突触前膜上的一种蛋白复合物〔1〕。帕金森病(PD)和Alzheimer病患者脑基底节DAT密度显著降低〔2,3〕,DAT密度变化可以反映DA能神经元缺失的情况,二者之间具有量变的一致性。2β-N,N'-双(2-疏乙基)乙撑二胺基,3β-(4-氯苯基)托烷(TRODAT-1)是新近合成的一种可卡因衍生物、DAT配体〔4〕。通过99mTc标记的TRODAT-1观察PD大鼠模型纹状体DAT功能或密度变化的研究国外报道不多〔5〕,国内尚未见报道。我们于1998年6~10月应用放射自显影观察99mTc-TRODAT-1在PD模型大鼠脑内的分布,同时观察黑质和纹状体DA含量和DA能神经元及纤维的变化,为99mTc-TRODAT-1 DAT显像应用于PD早期诊断提供理论基础。

材料与方法

一、PD模型大鼠脑放射自显影

1.99mTc-TRODAT-1的制备和标记:参照Meegalla等〔4〕的方法,以可卡因为原料合成配体TRODAT-1。200 μg配体(溶于0.1 ml 无水乙醇溶液)加2 mol/L的HCl 0.1 ml,320 μg葡庚糖酸钠盐,32 μg SnCl2.2H2O,50 μl 0.05 mmol/L EDTA,pH调至5~6,加0.5~4 ml 99mTcO4溶液,100℃加热30 min,冷却即可。高效液相(HPLC)检测放化纯度及标记率均大于90%。

2.99mTc-TRODAT-1在正常大鼠脑内分布:取SD大鼠16只,鼠龄120~200 d,体重200~250 g。分4组,每组4只,每只注入99mTc-TRODAT-1 0.3 ml(5.55MBq),分别于注射后2、30、60和120 min处死1组,取纹状体、海马、大脑皮质和小脑,称重及测定放射活性,计算每克脑组织含放射性占注射剂量的百分比(%ID/g组织)以及纹状体/小脑比值。

3.部分和完全损毁PD大鼠模型制备〔6〕:SD大鼠50只,鼠龄120~200 d,体重200~250 g。取20只大鼠制备部分损毁模型,借助大鼠脑立体定向仪,将2 μg/μl 6-OHDA溶液6 μl分2点注射至大鼠右侧黑质致密部,坐标定位为:第一点,前囟后5.0 mm,旁正中1.9 mm,硬膜下7.1 mm;第二点,前囟后5.0 mm,旁正中2.3 mm,硬膜下6.8 mm。2~3周后腹腔注射阿朴吗啡(apomorphine,APO)0.1 mg/kg,大鼠出现向左侧旋转,取APO诱发旋转次数小于3 r/min者作为部分损毁模型。取另外30只大鼠制备完全损毁模型,在上述黑质部位注射2点的基础上,于内侧前脑束(medial forebrain bundle,MFB)注射4 μl 6-OHDA,坐标为:前囟后4.4 mm,旁正中1.7 mm,硬膜下7.7 mm。将APO诱发的旋转次数大于7 r/min者作为完全损毁模型。

4.部分和完全损毁PD大鼠模型脑放射自显影:取正常大鼠、部分损毁及完全损毁模型大鼠各3只,经尾静脉注射99mTc-TRODAT-1 666~740 MBq,于注射后1 h断颈快速取出全脑,置于-20℃冰冻切片机内,冠状切片,片厚20 μm,将脑片贴于清洁的X线片上,冷风吹干后,于GS-250自显影仪扫屏显像曝光2 h,用图像分析系统对每只大鼠4~6张脑片进行分析。在每张脑片图像的两侧纹状体及额叶皮质相对称的部位选取相同形状及面积大小的感兴趣区(ROI,0.82 mm2),对每对ROI进行光灰度测定,计算各组同侧纹状体/皮质灰度的比值并取其平均值,这一比值代表纹状体的相对放射计数,即DAT密度,间接反映纹状体DA能神经末梢以及黑质DA能神经元数目。

二、高效液相-电化学法(HPLC-ECD)检测PD模型大鼠DA及其代谢产物含量

取正常大鼠、部分损毁及完全损毁模型大鼠各4只,麻醉后断头,在干冰上迅速分离出双侧纹状体并称重,置于-70℃冰箱,供检测。

三、PD模型大鼠黑质及纹状体免疫组化染色

取正常大鼠、部分损毁及完全损毁模型大鼠各1只,经4%多聚甲醛灌注后处死取脑,于纹状体和黑质部位冰冻切片,片厚50 μm,进行免疫组化ABC法TH染色。

四、统计学处理

组内左右侧及组间比较用Student t检验。

结果

一、PD大鼠模型脑放射自显影观察

1.99mTc-TRODAT-1在正常大鼠脑内分布:从表1可以看出,99mTc-TRODAT-1在纹状体摄取平稳,保留时间长;小脑、大脑皮质和海马清除较快,使得纹状体与小脑比值随时间的延长而升高,于注射后60 min纹状体与小脑之间的差别已很明显,注射后2 h基本达到最大比值(4.45)。与Meegalla等〔4〕报道的结果一致。确定模型动物注射99mTc-TRODAT-1后处死取脑的最佳时间点为60 min。

2.PD模型大鼠脑组织放射自显影变化:正常大鼠纹状体区冠状位图像清楚,可见纹状体部位有放射性浓集,左右侧灰度相当,皮质、伏隔核及黑质部位亦有轻度放射性浓集;部分损毁PD模型大鼠右侧(损毁侧)纹状体灰度低于左侧,而左侧的灰度与正常大鼠纹状体基本相当;完全损毁PD模型大鼠右侧纹状体灰度更低(图1~3)。3组大鼠两侧纹状体及额叶皮质ROI光灰度的测定结果见表2,正常大鼠左右侧纹状体/皮质比值基本相<