【中图分类号】Q24;R135.2【文献标识码】A
【文章编号】0529-1356(2000)02-160
IN VITRO CYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF FREE RADICAL INJURY
ON RAT ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES BY COAL DUSTS
GAO Jun-ling, TIAN Yan-xia, ZHANG Yu-xin,SUN Shu-xun
(Department of Histology and Embryology,North China Coal Medical College,)
CUI Jian-zhong
(Department of Nerosurgery,Tangshan Gongren Hospital,Tangshan 063000,China)
【Abstract】Objective To analyze the relationship between the oxygen free radicals and morphological damage of alveolar macrophages(AMs)caused by coal dusts. Methods Using morphological technique to demonstrate the oxygen radicals.Moreover
,the cytochemical reaction slides of and Mg2+-ATPase were analyzed quantitatively by image analyzer,and the linear correlation tendency between the quantitative results of the and Mg2+-ATPase reaction was made. Results Like SiO2,a toxic mineral particle,exposure of AMs to coal dusts also resulted in production of and H2O2.They were localized on the plasma membrane,the membrane of the phogosome and/or pinosome,and the lysosomal membrane.There is a close relationship between AMs morphological and enzymatic damage and the production of oxygen free radicals. Conclusions (1)We can give antioxidant to the patients to terminal oxygenic damage in their bodies,further guard against proliferation of fibroblasts.(2)The degree of oxygen damage induced by coal dusts is lower than that by silica.(3)In situ evaluation of and H2O2 oxygen free radicals is superior to the other techniques in a sense.It is more convenient to directly observe the real situation of the oxidative damage on cells so as to clarify the relationship between the production of free radical and the damage degree on cells.
【Key words】 Alveolar macrophage; Coal dusts; Free radical; Damage; Cytochemistry
煤尘致AM损伤是煤工尘肺发病机制的重要环节。煤尘致AM受损机制众说纷纭。据报道,煤尘在劈裂时产生大量自由基[1~3],大块肺纤维化的煤工尘肺患者体内抗氧化物质降低[4]。然而,煤尘能否致AM发生氧化损伤的报道尚少,尤未见原位显示氧自由基的研究报道。本研究用原位显示自由基的方法探讨煤尘致AM损伤过程中是否存在氧化损伤机制。
材料和方法
1. 肺泡巨噬细胞的获取与纯化
成年雄性Wistar大鼠40只,体重200~230g,以25%乌拉坦1ml/100g体重腹腔注射,深度麻醉,股动脉放血致死。行支气管肺泡灌洗术[5],灌洗液经500g离心20min,弃上清,得沉淀细胞。以贴壁法进行富集[6]。台盼蓝排斥实验,AM存活率达99.5%以上。以RPMI-1640培养液调整AM浓度为1×105AM/ml备用。
2. 粉尘制备
取开滦煤矿原煤(由中国煤炭研究院唐山分院提供),经玛瑙研钵研磨,分液漏斗分离,收集悬浮部分,自然晾干,95%以上颗粒直径≤5μm。矽尘采用商品SiO2(由本院中心实验室馈赠),含游离SiO299%,粒径2μm以下占92.3%。
3. 实验分组和标本制备
实验分3组:(1)实验组:AM+煤尘;(2)正常对照组:AM+生理盐水;(3)阳性对照组:AM+矽尘。煤尘和矽尘的终浓度均为200mg/L。各组均在37℃ CO2培养箱培养30min、1、3、5h。运用光镜和电镜细胞化学技术分别显示超氧阴离子()和过氧化氢(H2O2),参考Hirai等[7,8]的细胞化学方法并加以改进(另文待发表)。AM吞噬粉尘颗粒引起呼吸爆发,同时激活位于细胞膜上的NADPH氧化酶,该酶氧化NADPH,使氧分子经单电子还原为。可以继续歧化(自动或经超氧化物歧化酶催化)形成H2O2。在上述反应体系中加入硝基蓝四唑(nitro blue tetrazolium,NBT),作为的捕捉剂,于产生的原位生成紫蓝色的双甲FDA4沉淀。在细胞水平观察的生成情况并进行图像分析定量。如果在上述反应体系中以铈离子来捕捉H2O2,则于原位形成过氢氧化铈,一种不透电子的沉淀。在亚细胞水平观察H2O2的产生、分布,并且可以同时观察细胞的超微结构变化。铅法显示细胞膜三磷酸腺苷酶(Mg2+-ATPase)[8],作为膜功能酶的反映。
4. 图像分析定量
以IBAS-200(Opton,西德)全自动图像分析仪定量测定和Mg2+-ATPase细胞化学标本。各组每一时间段测定6张标本,每张标本内随机选取阳性AM50个,正常对照组20个。在Mg2+-ATPase标本,每张标本随机测定50个AM。单位是光密度值。
5. 统计学处理
对各组及各时间段和Mg2+-ATPase产物定量测定结果做方差分析;对(取30min数值)和Mg2+-ATPase(取5h数值)做相关分析。
结果
1. 的细胞化学观察和图像分析测定
的阳性反应呈紫蓝色沉淀,均分布在AM的质膜、吞噬物与AM交界处的细胞膜。正常AM 反应强度很弱,大多数AM呈阴性;矽尘组AM 反应强度在作用早期很强,随着作用时间的延长,逐渐减弱。煤尘组与矽尘组比较,AM 反应强度为弱,但后期的减弱程度较小。详见表1。
表1各组肺泡巨噬细胞
