分类号:Q954.48文献标识码:A
文章编号:0529-1356(2000)01-73
A STEREOLOGIC STUDY OF EPITHELIUM OF THE ESOPHAGUS
AND INTESTINES IN THE MOUSE EMBRYO
WANG Wei-wei
(Department of Histology and Embryology,Chongqing Medical University,Chongqing 400016,China)
ZENG Xiao-chuan
(Department of Internal Medicine of the 47th Hospital of PLA,Chengdu 610500,China)
Abstract:ObjectiveTo study the factors effected the development of epithelium in the digestive tract.MethodsThe cavity and epithelium of the esophagus、duodenum and colon in the serial sections of fetal ICR mice aged 11~17days were measured with the stereological method.The apoptosis was also showed by TUNEL method in some sections for contrast.Results(1)In the three segments of digestive tract,the value of cavity area/epithelial area all increased with the increase of the fetal age;the peak value of density of mitotic cells(DMC)all appeared before their peak value of density of apoptotic body(DAB);the unanimous correlation among the density of epithelial cells (DEC),DMC and DAB had not been found;(2)The peak value of DAB in the esophagus was higher than that of intestines.The apoptotic bodies distributed in all layers of the epithelial cells in the esophagus, but mainly located near the free surface of epithelium in the intestines.Conclusions(1)In the three segments of digestive tract,the increase of cavity area was more rapid than that of their epithelial area.The epithelial cells all proliferated in a large number first,and then appeared apoptosis to suit their morphogenesis;(2)There was a different pattern of the enlarge of cavity between esophagus and intestines.The different distribution of apoptotic bodies between esophagus and intestines may be related with the formation of the epithelial protuberances;(3)The influence of DEC on the epithelial proliferation and apoptosis in the fetal digestive tract was not obvious.
Key words:Esophagus; Duodenum; Colon; Development; Stereology; Mouse▲
关于胚胎消化管上皮的发生,多认为与肠上皮增殖及凋亡、肠壁平滑肌的限制作用、间充质及某些活性物质的诱导作用有关[1~4]。Sbarbati[5]对胎鼠肠上皮面积与间充质面积作了定量分析,认为肠上皮的形态变化与上皮生长快于间充质生长有关。我们观察了11~19d胎鼠食管、十二指肠和结肠的形态发生,及11~17d胎鼠这3段消化管的管腔面积和上皮面积比值(cavity area/epithelial area,CA/EA),及上皮的细胞密度(细胞数/上皮面积μm2),包括上皮细胞密度(density of epithelial cells,DEC),分裂细胞密度(density of mitotic cells,DMC)和凋亡小体密度(density of apoptotic bodies,DAB),以了解上皮细胞密度对上皮细胞分裂和凋亡的影响及其与形态发生的关系。
材料和方法
1. 标本制备
取体重25~30g的ICR小鼠,雌、雄3∶1合笼1h后查到阴栓者计交配龄为0d。分别于11~19d处死孕鼠(每个胎龄各3只),各取中间重量的胎鼠2只。其中16~19d的胎鼠在解剖镜下取食管至结肠段消化管,余取整胎。Bouin液固定,连续石蜡切片(厚3~4μm),HE染色。每个胎龄各取1个胎鼠做间断连续切片,HE染色,光镜下选食管近贲门段(E段),十二指肠乳头远侧段(D段)和结肠近段(C段),取相应段的切片用TUNEL法(德国宝曼公司试剂)标记凋亡细胞:(1)切片脱蜡梯度酒精至水,磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS,0.01mol/L,pH7.4)漂洗3次,共6min(后同);(2)蛋白酶K(20mg/L 10mmol/L Tris-HCl,pH7.4)室温下35min,PBS漂洗;(3)0.3%H2O2-甲醇液,室温下30min,PBS漂洗;(4)4℃0.1% Triton X-100(0.1%枸橼酸钠配制)中2min,PBS漂洗;(5)滴加含3′-羟基末端脱氧核酸转移酶和荧光素标记dUTP及无标记dNTPs混合液,37℃ 90min,PBS漂洗;(6)滴加辣根过氧化酶标记的抗荧光素抗体,37℃ 40min,PBS漂洗;(7)二氨基联苯胺和H2O2显色,苏木素复染,脱水透明封片。阴性对照设2组,分别以PBS取代(5)、(6)中加入的试剂。
2. 观察
Nikon显微镜观察11~19d胎鼠E、D、C段的形态发生。对3段消化管上皮变化突出的11~17d胎鼠作体视学观测。用测微网格在HE染色连续切片中每隔3张切片计数3段消化管横切面的管腔面积和上皮面积。高倍镜下以完整细胞核计数上皮细胞数。油镜下以中、后期分裂象计数上皮分裂细胞数。油镜下参照Hall等[6]的标准计数凋亡小体数。每段各胎龄各计数20~38张切片。
3. 统计
计算CA/EA值和DEC、DMC、DAB等,数据作方差分析和相关分析。
结果
1. 形态观察结果
在HE染色石蜡切片中,胎鼠消化管上皮内凋亡小体直径在1.20~6.25μm。圆形,内含1至多个深染核碎片和强嗜酸性胞质或仅含强嗜酸性胞质(图1),外有清楚晕环。TUNEL法标记的细胞凋亡阳性产物呈棕黄色(图2),与HE染色切片中凋亡小体的分布一致。阴性对照组均为阴性。11d胎鼠3段消化管均为1~2列核的柱状上皮,分裂象少,凋亡小体罕见,管腔小而圆(图3a)。E、D、C段的上皮依次于12、13、14d转变为复层。E段12d时为2~4列核的上皮,其中分裂象和凋亡小体均多,分布于上皮各层;14d时其表层细胞变扁,凋亡小体少见;E段上皮中未见上皮隆起和次级腔,原发腔未见闭塞,于14d开始扩大(图3)。D、C段的上皮分别于14d、15d达最厚,分别为3~6列核和2~4列核;其上皮中的分裂象和凋亡小体分别于14d和15d较多,均主要分布在上皮游离面;随绒毛形成,凋亡小体渐少,主要见于绒毛顶部。D、C段分别于14d和15d出现上皮隆起,其顶部细胞退变脱落,但C段的上皮隆起低矮,且数量较少;两段的上皮均在14d出现次级腔,并与原发腔通融,但C段的次级腔较少。D、C段的原发腔亦未见闭塞,并于15d开始扩大。D段于15d间充质略突向上皮;16d时已形成被以单层柱状上皮的绒毛;17~19d时绒毛更多,更长(图4~5)。C段16d时为被以2列核上皮的原始绒毛;17d时形成低矮的被以单层柱状上皮的绒毛;19d时绒毛消失(图6~8)。E、D段于13d,C段于15d时出现环行成肌细胞。
图112d胎鼠食管。示上皮中分裂象(),含核碎片的凋亡小体(↑),仅含强嗜酸性胞质的凋亡小体(Δ)。HE,标尺示10μm
Fig.1The esophagus of fetal mouse at the 12th day. Showing mitotic figures(), apoptotic bodies contained deep stained fragment of nucleus(↑) or only contained the strong acidophilic cytoplasm(△). HE, Bar=10μm
图212d胎鼠食管。示上皮中TUNEL法标记的凋亡细胞(↑).H复染,标尺示10μm
Fig.2The esophagus of fetal mouse at the 12th day. Apoptotic cell(↑) in epithelium were showed by TUNEL method. Counter staining with H. Bar=10μm
