STUDY ON THE NUCLEAR MATRIX-LAMINA-INTERMEDIATE
FILAMENT SYSTEM IN THE RAT SPERMATOGENESIS
Lao Ping, Xu Yan*△,Zhang Jingbo*,Chen Yanwen*,
Liu Shiguang*,Sun Yingli**
(Centre Laboratory of Shandong Provincial Hospital, Ji'nan;*Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic medical Sciences,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing; **Department of Biology, Peking University, Beijing)
【Abstract】Objective To study the changes of the nuclear matrix-lamina-intermediate filament(NM-L-IF) during the rat spermatogenesis. MethodsSpermatocytes, early stage spermatids and the later stage spermatids were separated from the adult rat testis by the velocity gravitative sedimentation technique. Using the whole mount electron microscopy, SDS-PAGE and Southwestern blot, the morphology, components of NM-L-IF and the relationship between an A-T repetitive DNA fragment and the proteins of NM-L-IF in those cells were analyzed. Results:In spermatocytes, the NM is composed of a lamina, a large mass of residual nucleolar material and fibers. In spermatids, there are many IFs and the NM is concealed beneath the clumps of chromatin. NM becomes to form two portions, a less condensed apical(Ap) and a more condensed caudal(Ca) in spermatogenic stages Ⅷ-Ⅸ.IFs of these cells appear to be attached to the nuclear envelope and the cell surface. In the stages Ⅹ-Ⅺ, the NM bends between Ap and Ca. Furthermore Ap becomes more curved in the stages ⅩⅡ-ⅩⅣ. And that some IF links the tip of Ap and the region that connects the Ap and Ca. SDS-PAGE shows that there are some changes in the proteins of NM-L-IF below 40kD and no significantly changes in higher 40kD in different cells. In spermatocytes, the proteins of lower MW have high affinity to the A-T repetitive DNA fragment, but it is only in round spermatids that some proteins of higher 40kD have strong affinity. ConclusionSome proteins change their affinity to the given DNA fragment depending on spermatogenesis. It suggests that the NM-L-IF is the most important in the condensation and remodeling of the sperm nucleus and in the morphogenesis of spermatids.
【Key words】 Spermatogenesis; Nuclear matrix-lamina-intermediate filament; Whole mount electron microscopy
核基质(nuclear matrix)是存在于真核生物细胞核内的一种精细的非组蛋白网络结构,它与核纤层(lamina)以及胞质中的中间丝(intermediate filament)相互联系形成一个贯穿细胞核细胞质的纤维网络体系,称为核基质-核纤层-中间丝体系(NM-L-IF)[1]。它不仅是细胞形态的支架,而且参与细胞内的许多重要生命活动,如DNA复制基因的表达调控,RNA合成修饰等,在细胞生长、分化、分裂、细胞的信息传递和肿瘤发生等方面均起着重要作用[2]。
精子发生是指精原细胞经过一系列发育阶段成为精子的过程,包括3个阶段:有丝分裂,减数分裂和精子形成[3]。由于核基质-核纤层-中间丝体系在细胞中的重要作用,推测其可能在精子发生中也起着不可忽视的作用,对其深入研究将有助于精子发生机制的阐明,为人们寻找薄弱环节控制男性生殖提供依据及指导[3]。我们运用整装电镜技术、SDS-PAGE和Southwestern blot技术对部分分离的生精细胞的核基质-核纤层-中间丝体系的形态结构、蛋白组成及与DNA的相互作用进行研究,以探讨其在精子发生中变化趋向和作用。
材料和方法
1.材料
1.1实验动物:成熟Wistar大鼠购自中国医学科学院动物所动物繁育场。
1.2主要试剂:CSK-TritonX-100 细胞骨架缓冲液[10mol/L PIPES,100mol/L KCl,300 mmol/L sucrose, 3mmol/L MgCl2, 1mmol/L EGTA,1.2mol/L PMSF,2mg/L aportinin, 0.5%(v/v) Triton Ⅹ-100, pH 6.8], RBS-Majik(42.5 mmol/L Tris-Cl,8.5 mmol/L NaCl,2.6 mmol/L MgCl2,1.2 mmol/L PMSF, 2mg/L aportinin, 1% Tween 40,0.5%脱氧胆酸钠,pH7.4),样品溶解液(2% SDS, 10%甘油,5% β-巯基乙醇,0.2%溴酚蓝,0.01mol/L Tris-Cl,pH6.8),预杂交液(10 mmol/L Tris-Cl,pH7.5,50 mmol/L NaCl,1mmol/L EDTA,0.1% picoll 400,0.1% BSA,0.1% PVP),杂交液(含标记探针的预杂交液,探针:鲑精DNA=1:1 000,探针浓度80μg/L)。
1.3探针[4]:为日本富山医药大学的Sugano博士惠赠。克隆在puc19中的C10-Hind IV双体,可用Xmn I切下370bp的A-T的重复序列。
2.方法[5]
2.1睾丸细胞的分离与纯化:取成熟大鼠睾丸,剪碎制成匀浆,用0.25%胰酶、室温消化10min,4%小牛血清抑制胰酶活性,然后收集混合的睾丸细胞。利用单位重力沉降法分离纯化生精细胞,以蔗糖为介质,浓度梯度1%~2%,4℃静止3h,以流速5ml/min,每管10ml收集梯度液。苏木精染色,确定各管内细胞类别:精母细胞大;早期精子细胞小,核质比例大,染色深;晚期精子小,细胞核浓缩或变形[6]。按需收集所要的细胞。
2.2整装电镜技术观察细胞核基质-核纤层-中间丝体系:将细胞滴加在覆以Formvar膜碳膜和涂有多聚左旋赖氨酸的铜网上,经CSK-Triton X-100细胞骨架缓冲液RSB-Majik液抽提,DNase Ⅰ消化,(NH4)2SO4作用,经戊二醛锇酸固定,系列乙醇脱水,醋酸异戊酯置换,CO2临界点干燥,透射电镜下观察,摄片。
2.3SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳:将抽提的NM-L-IF用样品溶解液溶解,紫外分光光度法(215~225nm)测蛋白浓度[7]。制备电泳胶12×9×0.1cm,分离胶和浓缩胶浓度分别为12%和5%,上样蛋白20mg,恒流电泳,考马斯亮蓝R250染色。
2.4探针的制备与标记参考《分子克隆》和试剂盒说明书。
2.5Southwestern blot[7]:SDS-PAGE结束后,切下蛋白分子量标准,并行考马斯亮蓝R250染色。其他蛋白通过电转移至硝酸纤维素膜上后,对照已染色的蛋白分子量标准在膜上标出分子量标准的位置。膜加预杂交液室温平衡2h,杂交液室温作用8h,预杂交液37℃漂洗8h,按试剂盒说明书显色。
结果
我们采用单位重力沉降法分离成熟大鼠睾丸细胞,按沉降先后次序收集到3部分细胞:精母细胞、早期精子细胞、晚期精子细胞,细胞纯度大于80%(图1~4)。精母细胞大,核内有絮状染色质(图2);早期精子细胞小,核质比例大,细胞染色深(图3);晚期精子细胞小,核浓缩或变形(图4)。
电镜观察核基质-核纤层-中间丝体系表明:精母细胞显示核纤层、核内残余物和内部纤维网络,未显示中间丝(图5);减数分裂过程中完成胞核分裂而未完成胞质分裂的生精细胞中,中间丝丰富,核纤层明显,核内染色质小团簇结构掩盖了核基质网络(图6,7);Ⅷ~Ⅸ期精子细胞,中间丝始于细胞核,止于细胞膜,呈放射状分布;核基质、核纤层结构不明显,细胞核浓缩并出现两部分:疏松区和相对致密区,这两部分将发育成精子头部的头端(apical ,Ap)及尾端(caudal,Ca)(图8);Ⅹ~Ⅺ期精子细胞中,Ap和Ca的分化更明显,头端与尾端间形成弯曲(图9);ⅩⅡ~ⅩⅣ期精子细胞,Ap进一部弯曲,中间丝出现分布的差异,一部分
