摘要：目的：观察胎儿耳蜗微血管构筑。方法：应用微血管铸型技术结合扫描电镜观察15例胎儿耳蜗血管。结果：扫描电镜下，人类耳蜗血管的三维结构首次得以清晰显示。螺旋蜗轴动脉为供应耳蜗的主要动脉，进入蜗轴后反复发出外、中、内放射状动脉。微静脉主要位于鼓阶。结论：28周龄以上胎儿耳蜗血管已发育完善，人类耳蜗血管分布呈现明显节段性和区域性。与其生理功能密切相关。

Cochlear Vasculature Casts of Human Fetus under Scanning Electron Microscopy

wu Haiyan,Li Ming,Zhong 2henya(Dept. of Otolaryngology, First Teaching Hospital, Norman Bethune University of Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130021)

Abstract：Objective: To study the morphology of cochlear vasculature casts of human fetus. Methods: Microvessles casting technique and scanning electron microscopy were used in this study. Results: Clean and completed filled casts of human fetus cochlear was obtained, a detailed pattern of human cochlear vessels was shown in the first time. The radial arteries have a marked serpentine course, even appear as spring-coils in the basal turn. The spiral modular artery(SMA) is the most important in the cochlear, supplies the whole cochlea except the first basal half turn. The main stem of SMA gives off three series of radial arterioles at regular intervals repeatedly: the external, middle and internal radial artery. The external radial artery runs across the apical parts of the scala vestibule and its branches formed four capillary regions in the external wall. The middle radial artery situated in spiral lamina and limbus, gives off three spiral vessels. The internal radial artery forms irregular networks supplying the acoustic nerve, the spiral ganglion and the module wall. Conclusions: Vessels in cochlea of 28-week-old and above fetus are well developed. Vascular system of the cochlea is segmentally arranged, corresponding to its physiologic functions.

Keywords：fetus; cochlea; microvessels; casts

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