摘要：视交又上核(SuprachiasmaticNucleus，SCN)，是哺乳动物最重要的昼夜节律起搏器，它调整着哺乳动物一系列生理行为和活动，有“昼夜节律生物钟”之称。近期的研究应用免疫组化、原位杂交、离体培养、移植试验、电生理技术等方法已开始逐步揭示SCN的功能性结构以及SCN在昼夜节律机制中的作用。

参考文献：

［1］Decoursey PT,Buggy T. Restoration of locomotor rhythmicity in SCN-lesioned hamsters hytransplantation of letsl sCN. Neurosci Abstrs, 1986s12(3):210

［2］Ibuka N, Kawamura H. Loss of circadian rhythm in sleepwakefulness cycle in the rat by suprachiasmatic nucleus lesions.Brain res, 1975s96(1):76

［3］Moore RY, Eichler VB. Loss of a circadian adrenal corticosterone rhythm following suprachiasmatic lesions in the rat. Brain res, 1972 s42 (1): 201

［4］Earnest DJ, Sladek CD. Circadian rhythms of vasopressin release from individual rat suprachiasmatic explants vitro containing the sCN. Brain Res, 1986s382(1):129

［5］Murakami N, Takamure M, Takahashi K, et al. Long-term cultured neurons from rat suprachiasmatic nucleus retain the capacity for circadian oscilatiou of vasopressin release. Brain res, 1991 :545(1-2):347

［6］Ralph MR,Foster RG,Davis FC, et al. Transplanted suprachiasmatic nucleus determines circadian period. Science, 1990;247(4945) :975

［7］Klein DC,Moore RY, Reppert SM. Suprachiasmatic Nucleus:the mind’s clock. New York,Oxford University Press, 1991

［8］Moore RY. THe suprachiasmatic hypothalamic nuclenss neuronal uhrastrocture. Neurosci Abetr, 1980; 6 (6): 758

［9］Okamura H, Abitbol M, Julien JF, et al. Neurons containing messenger RNA encoding glutarnate decarboxylase in rat hypothalamus demonstrated by in situ hybridization, with special emphasis on cell groups in medial preoptic area, anterior hypothalamic area and dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus. Neuroscience, 1990,39(3):675

［10］Morin LP,Johnson RF,Moure RY. Two brain nuclei controlling circadian rhythms are identified by GFAP immune reactivity in hamsters and rats. Neurosci lett, 1989,99(1-2):55

［11］Okamura H, Tominega K, Ban Y, et al. Morphological survey of the suprachiasmatic nucleus in slice culture using roller tube method : 1. architecture of suprachiasmatic nucleus in vitro. Acta Histochem cytochem, 1994,27:159

［12］Okamura H, Tominaga K, Ban Y, et al. Morphological survey of the suprachiasmatic nucleus in slice culture using roller tubemethod: 2. Peptidergic neurons. Acta Histochem Cytochem,1994,27:170

［13］Van den poi AN and Tsujimoto KL. Neurotransmitters of the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus g Immunecytochemical analysis of 25 neuronal antigens. Neuroscience, 1985,15 (4) :1045

［14］Card JP, Fitzpatrick MS, Gozes I, et al. Localization of vasopressin-, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-, peptide histidine isoleucine-,and somatostatin-mRAN in rat suprachiasmatic nucleus. Cell Tissue res, 1988,252(3):307

［15］Moore RY, Speh JC. GABA is the principal neurotransmitter of the circadian system. Neurosci lett, 1993,150(1):112

［16］Daikoku SS, Hisano S, Kagotani Y. Neuronal associations in the rest suprachiasmatic nucleus demonstrated by immunoelectron microscopy. J Comp neurol, 1992,325 (4):559

［17］Romijn HJ, Sluiter AA,Wortel J, et al. Immunocytochemical evidence for a diurnal rhythm of neurons showing colocalization of VIP with GRP in the rat Suprachiasmatic nucleus. J Comp neurol, 1998,391(2): 397

［18］Tanaka M, Okamura H, Matsuda T, et al. Somatostatin neurons from a distinct peptidergic neuronal group in the rat suprachiasmatci nucleuses double labeling in situ hybridization study. Neurosci Lett,1996,215(2) :119

［19］Ibata Y, Tanaka M, Tamada Y, et al. The suprachlasmatic nucleus:Acircadian oscillator. Neuroscience, 1997,3(4):215

［20］Peterson GM and Moore RY. Selective effects of kainic acid on diencephalic neurons. Brain res, 1980,202 (1):165

［21］Ibeta Y, Takahashi Y,Okamura H, et al. Vasoacitve intestinal peptide (VIP)-like immunoreactive neurons located in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus receive a direct retinal projection. Neurosci lett, 1989,97(1-2):1

［22］Tanaka M, Ichitani Y, Okamua H, et al. The direct retinal projection to VIP neuronal elements in the rat sCN. Brain Res Bull, 1993,31 (6):657

［23］张军，欧查群，吴良芒，等．视网膜节细胞与视交叉上核AVP神经元联系的研究Ⅱ．犬病毒顺行追踪与免疫荧光双重标记．神经解剖学杂志，1998，14(2)：142

［24］Liou SY,Shibata S, lwasaki K, et al. Optic nerve stimulationinduced increase of release of 3H-glutamate and 3H-aspartate but not 3H-GABA from the suprschiasmatic in slices of rat hypothalamns. Brain Res Bull,1986,16(4):527

［25］Swanson L, Cowan WIVI, Jones EG. An autoradiographic study of the efferent connecions of the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus in the albino rat and cat. J Comp neurol, 1974,156(2) :143

［26］Albers HE, Forris CF. Neuropeptide Y grole in light-dark cycle entrainment of hamster circadian rhythms. Neuroaci lett,1984,50(1-3):163

［27］Kiss J, Leranth CS, Halasa B. Serotonergic endings on VIP-neurons in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and on ACTH-neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the rat hypothalamus. A combination of high resolution autoradiography and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry. Neurosci Lett, 1984,44 (2) :119

［28］Foote WE,Taber PE, Edwards L. Evidence for retinal projection to the midbrain raphe of the cat. Brain res, 1978,156(1):135

［29］Watanbe T,Taguchi Y, Shiosaka S, et al. Distribution of the histaminergic neuron system in the central nervous system of rats :a fluorescent immunohistochemical analyisls with histidine decarboxylase as a marker. Brian res, 1984,295(1):1

［30］Watts AG, Swanson LW, Sanchea WG. Efferent projections of suprachiasmatic nuclens: I studies using anterograde transport of phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin in the rat. J Comp neuroi, 1987,258(2): 204