The conjugational transfer and antibiotic resistance expression of S.typhi R plasmid (pRST98) in different enteric bacilli
HUANG Rui
(Department of Microbiology, Suzhou Medical College, Suzhou 215007,P.R.China)
QIN Ailan, WEN Yumei
【 Abstract 】ObjectiveTo study the conjugational transfer and antibiotic resistance expression of pRST98 in different enteric bacilli(including E.coli, S.typhi, S.typhimurium and S.flexneri). MethodsThe antimicrobial resistance of 13 strains of enteric bacilli were tested against 13 different antimicrobial agents by means of Kirby-Bauer disc agar diffusion. Their plasmid profiles were also determined. In the conjugation test, 3 strains of clinical isolated multiresistant S.typhi harbouring pRST98 were tested for the ability to transfer their R plasmids to a plasmid-free laboratory strain of E.coli K12W1485Rifr. Thereafter, E.coli K12W1485 receiving pRST98 were used as dornors, while the sensitive and resistant strains of E.coli, S.typhi, S.typhimurium and S.flexneri as recipients for conjugation. Antibiotic susceptibility, plasmid and restriction enzyme analysis of the donors and transconjugants were used for confirmation of the results. ResultsThe pRST98 could transfer among E.coli, S.typhi, S.typhimurium and S.flexneri, but in different genera the conjugal transfer conditions were different and the resistant markers coded by the same pRST98 in different strains varied. ConclusionspRST98 could be transferred from S.typhi to E.coli and then to sensitive and resistant pathogenic bacilli. It is very difficult to block and prevent the spreading of antimicrobial resistance. The varied expression of pRST98 in different strains demonstrated the diversity and complexity of the R plasmid.
【 Subject words 】R plasmid; Enteric bacilli; Conjugational transfer; Antibiotic resistance expression
80年代末至90年代初,我国由南向北在贵州、湖北、河南、浙江、江苏、安徽等13省市先后发生了多重耐药伤寒的严重流行。我们曾对1987~1992年苏州地区分离的591株伤寒杆菌(S.typhi,ST)进行了耐药监测及研究,质粒电泳证明,其多重耐药性由一相对分子质量为98.6×106(155kb)的大质粒所介导,称之pRST98(图1),而敏感菌株则无质粒检出。经质粒不相容性分群,证实该R质粒属不相容性C群(IncC)〔1,2〕。1991年起国内伤寒杆菌恢复了对抗生素的敏感性,该质粒亦随之从菌体中消失〔3〕。然而,伤寒杆菌由于获得新的耐药质粒近几年来在世界上其它国家再次发生流行〔4,5〕。为研究pRST98能否转移至其它肠道菌及这一耐药质粒在不同种属肠道杆菌中的表达,我们选择大肠杆菌(E.coli)、伤寒杆菌、鼠伤寒杆菌(S.typhimurium, STM)及痢疾杆菌(S.flexneri, S.f)进行接合传递和耐药标志表达的研究。
材料与方法
菌株:接合转移供体菌为临床分离的3株携带IncC群pRST98的耐药伤寒杆菌ST1~3;受体菌(1):E.coli K12W1485(F-)Rifr,该菌不含任何质粒,系经实验室诱变的仅在染色体上有利福平耐药基因的无性菌毛F-雌性菌;(2):1株敏感伤寒杆菌ST4、3株大肠杆菌E.coli1~3、3株鼠伤寒杆菌STM1~3及3株福氏痢疾杆菌S.f1~3。以上菌株除E.coli K12W1485外均从苏州医学院附属一院检验科收集。药敏试验质控菌大肠杆菌ATCC25922,金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC25923和铜绿色假单胞菌ATCC27853;含标准相对分子质量质粒菌株E.coliV517(35.8,4.8,3.7,3.4,2.6,2.0,1.8,1.4)×106和S.flexneri24570(140, 105, 2.6, 2.0)×106及E.coli K12W1485均由中国预防医学科学院流行病学微生物学研究所惠赠。
图1临床分离的伤寒杆菌耐药质粒pRST98琼脂糖凝胶电泳图谱
Fig 1. Agarose gel electrophoresis of pRST98 from clinical isolated multiresistant S.typhi
A-F. multiresistant S.typhi
G. antibiotic sensitive S.typhi
H. S.flexneri24570, plasmid size marker〔(140,105,2.6,2.0)×106〕
I. E.coli V517, plasmid size marker〔(35.8,4.8,3.7,3.4,2.6,2.0,1.8,1.4)×106〕
培养基:普通培养基:用于细菌传代与培养。LB培养基:用于细菌活化和质粒接合转移试验中供、受体菌的混合培养。水解酪蛋白琼脂(Mueller-Hinton)培养基:用于药敏试验。中国蓝和SS琼脂培养基:加入利福平等相应抗生素,用于接合转移试验的选择性培养基。
药物与试剂:除利福平外(由苏州第三制药厂提供),氯霉素、卡那霉素、氨苄西林、四环素和诺氟沙星均为标准品,购自中国药品生物制品检定所。抗生素药敏纸片:除利福平外(大连生化试剂厂),均系上海医化所产品。
药敏试验:采用Kirby-Bauer纸片扩散法,结果判断根据NCCLS1999。选用13种药物:利福平(Rif),氯霉素(Cm),复方磺胺(Cos),链霉素(Sm),庆大霉素(Gm),卡那霉素(Km)、阿米卡星(Akn),头孢噻吩(Cp),新霉素(Nm),四环素(Tc),氨苄西林(Ap),羧苄西林(Cb),诺氟沙星(Nf)。试验时用质控菌与待测菌平行测定结果,实行质量控制。
质粒的接合转移试验:方法一:伤寒杆菌pRST98向E.coli K12W1485的接合转移主要按文献〔6〕进行。方法二:接受了pRST98的E.coli K12W1485作供体,向其它敏感及耐药的肠道菌接合时,按文献〔7〕改良进行。供、受体菌分别接种于4ml LB肉汤,37℃过夜。各吸0.1ml加入4ml LB肉汤,37℃,4h混合后4000r/min离心5min,弃上清,菌体用1ml生理盐水混匀,吸取0.1ml涂布于水解酪蛋白琼脂37℃过夜。用2ml生理盐水洗下菌苔,经10-2~10-3稀释后,吸取0.1ml菌液均匀涂布于含药的SS琼脂。抗生素剂量分别为Rif(100μg/ml)、Cm(20μg/ml)、Km(25μg/ml)、Tc(25μg/ml)、Ap(25μg/ml)和Nf(25μg/ml)。取无色透明菌落在相同选择琼脂上传代1次,再于普通琼脂上活化后,进行药敏试验并做质粒电泳检测和核酸内切酶分析。
质粒提取及质粒电泳检测:按Takahashi法〔8〕进行。
结果
1.药敏试验及质粒DNA检测:13株肠道杆菌耐药谱见表1。3株多重耐药伤寒杆菌ST1~3均含1个98.6×106质粒,其余耐药菌株都携带1~3个质粒(图2)。敏感伤寒杆菌ST4、大肠杆菌E.coli3、鼠伤寒杆菌STM3及痢疾杆菌S.f3不含质粒。
图2接合传递试验部分供、受体菌的质粒图谱
Fig 2. Plasmid profile of partial donors and recipients
A. ST1; B. ST2; C. ST3; D. E.coli1; E. E.coli2; F. STM1; G. STM2; H. Sf1; I. Sf22.pRST98由伤寒杆菌向大肠杆菌的接合传递:以Rif和Cm作为选择抗生
