Partial genetic analysis of a measles virus strain epidemiced in 1995 in DalianGE Li, JIN Li, SHAO Yan, et al. Dalian Anti-epidemic Station, Dalian 116021
【 Abstract 】ObjectiveTo explore the source and path of measles infection by genotype analysis with RT-PCR.MethodsThere were 5 people suffered from clinical measles in June 1995 in Dalian,China. The virus strains were isolated and the Matrix(M) gene and Nucleocapsid(N) gene were amplified by RT-PCR. Changchun measles vaccine strain〔Chang-47(9405)〕 was used as positive control. PCR products of two random clinical samples DL1China95, DL2China95 and vaccine strain Chang-47(9405) were sequenced. Nucleic sequence, amino acid sequence and gene difference were analyzed by computer.Results318nts fragment of N gene and 188nts fragment of M gene were amplified from the vaccine virus and the specimens. That confirmed that the cases were caused by MV. The sequences of DL1China95 and DL2China95 were identical in both of the M gene and the N gene. That suggested that the outbreak was originated from a single MV strain. This conclusion was the same as that of epidemiological investigation. The sequences of DL1China95 and DL2China95 were notably different from that of Chang-47(9405). Among the 152nts of the amplified fragment of M gene, there were different 5nts between DL1China95 and Chang-47(9405). Among the 282nts of the amplified fragment of N gene, there were different 21nts between DL1China95 and Chang-47(9405). The epidemic strain was different from the strains widespread in the Africa, Europe and USA. The divergence of the 1235-1516 N gene fragment between DL1China95 and other strains was (7.4-12.8)%.ConclusionsThe genotype analysis of measles is helpful for studying epidemic regularity and doing better surveillance programs.
【 Subject words 】Polymerase chain reactionMeasles virusGene,viralMatrix geneNucleocapsid geneGenotype
麻疹病毒(MV)是一种重要的人类致病病毒,可引起发热,呼吸道卡他与出疹为主的急性病毒性传染病。自从疫苗应用以来,麻疹疫情得到控制。但每年在全球仍有散发患者,并在一定范围内造成流行,引起近百万人死亡。由于疫苗的应用,患者的临床症状不典型,需实验室检验结果加以证实。而传统的病毒分离、抗原检测和血清学方法有其局限性。用反转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)法可以早期、快速、灵敏、准确地检出MV,为判断麻疹的发生、流行提供明确的依据。 MV只有一种血清型,但近年对麻疹基因的分析发现,MV有几种基因型〔1-3〕,在不同地区和时间流行株的基因型不同,对MV基因型可以进行病原学分析,判断传染源和传播途径。
材料与方法
1. 标本来源:1995年6月,大连地区发生一起在外来人员中小范围的麻疹流行。5位患者为17~20岁的青年,均有发热,呼吸道卡他,斑丘疹等较典型的临床症状,临床诊断为麻疹。血清学ELISA法检测麻疹特异抗体IgM,4人为阳性,1人为可疑阳性。采集咽拭子置于2ml 0.8%盐水中用于RT-PCR检测。
2. 标本处理: 咽拭子于2ml盐水中反复挤压后弃去, 4000r/min离心后弃上清, 沉淀中加入50μl裂解缓冲液 (50mmol/L Tris-HCl, pH8.5; 1mmol/L EDTA-Na2, 0.5% Tween-20, 使用时加蛋白酶K至100μg/μl),37℃过夜,95℃ 10分钟灭活蛋白酶K,分别取10μl 裂解液置于2管中用于M、N 基因的反转录和扩增。阳性对照用长春冻干麻疹活疫苗(批号9405-302),用0.8%盐水稀释成病毒量为3.5TCID50/ml ,取10μl用于反应。阴性对照用0.8%盐水10μl,同法裂解。
3. 反转录PCR:核蛋白基因(N)引物:Mn1 (+) (1304~1323), Mn2R (-) (1694~1676), Mn3(+) (1324~1341),Mn4R (-) (1641~1624),基质蛋白基因(M)引物 Mm1 (+) (3541~3560),Mm2R (-) (3740~3721),Mm3 (+) (3549~3560),Mm4R (-) (3736~3719)〔1〕。
(1) M基因反转录, 取裂解液10μl, 加入5μl 10×PCR 缓冲液(50mmol/L KCl, 15mmol/L MgCl2, 100mmol/LTris-HCl, pH8.3, 0.01% 明胶), 10mmol dNTPs(华美), 7.5U RTase (Promega), 40U RNasin (华美), 5pmol Mm1 , 加水至总体积50μl, 室温放置10分钟后,37℃水浴60分钟, 100℃放置5分钟, 0℃放置3分钟, 做一步PCR。
(2) 反转录产物10μl, 加入5pmol引物Mm2R, 2U Taq酶(华美),补充10×PCR缓冲液,加水至总体积50μl, 离心后,加一滴石蜡油, 95℃预变性2分钟后,94℃ 1分钟, 50℃ 1分钟, 72℃ 1分钟, 循环25周后,37℃延伸5分钟。产物为201bp片段。
(3) 一步PCR产物2μl, 加入引物Mm3,Mm4R各25pmol,10mmol dNTPs,2U Taq酶,10× PCR缓冲液,加水至总体积50μl,离心后,加一滴石蜡油, 95℃预变性2分钟后,94℃ 1分钟, 50℃ 1分钟, 72℃ 1分钟, 循环25周后,37℃延伸5分钟。产物为188bp片段。
(4) 用Mn1、Mn2R、Mn3、Mn4R 分别代替Mm1、Mm2R、Mm3、Mm4R扩增N基因, 一步PCR产物为391bp片段, 二步PCR产物为318bp片段。
4. 电泳:将M、N基因二步PCR 产物加样于1%琼脂糖凝胶,电泳后,紫外灯下观察电泳结果。
5. 核酸序列的测定:对疫苗株长-47(9405)和任意选取的两个标本DL1China95、DL2China95在凝胶中的扩增片段进行回收纯化处理, 然后用Taq DyeDeoxy Terminator cycle sequencing 测序盒(Applied Biosystems Ltd. UK),以Mn3、Mn4R、Mm3、Mm4R为引物,用全自动序列分析仪正反向测序。
6. 计算机分析:采用SeqEd.V1.0.3程序对核酸序列相应的氨基酸序列及基因差异进行计算机分析。采用 DNASTAR软件Megalign 程序,依据N基因1235~1516 nt 核酸序列差异做序列系统树。
结果
1. 用RT-PCR法,疫苗株和患者标本均扩增得到N基因318bp、M基因188bp核酸片段。阴性对照则无此片段(照片略)。
2.对疫苗株和两个标本的M基因152nt的核酸序列测定结果如图1。N基因282nt的核酸序列测定结果如图2。依据N基因1235~1516核酸序列, 此流行株、疫苗株与以前的36株MV(共39株)做序列系统树如图3。 此流行株明显不同于以前的流行株的基因型A、B、C、D、E、F、G〔1,2〕, 属于一新的基因型。DL1China95的N基因1235~1516核酸序列与世界其它地区流行株的差别为 (7.4~12.8)%。
图1长春疫苗株长-47(9405)与流行株DL1China95,DL2China95的M基因152nt区域核酸、氨基酸序列比较(只标出差异,说明参见图2)
Fig 1. Sequence comparison of a 152nt region of the M gene among the vaccine strain Chang-47(9405) and epidemic strains DL1China95,DL2China95(only the differenc are shown,refer to Fig.2)
图2长春疫苗株长-47(9405)与流行株DL1China95、DL2China95的N基因C-末端282nt区域核酸、氨基酸序列比较(只标出差异)
Fig 2. Sequence comparison of a 282nt region of the C-terminal N gene between the vaccine strain Chang-47(9405) and epidemic strains DL1China95, DL2Chin
