摘要目的:研究α-黑素细胞刺激素(α-MSH)对LPS诱导星形胶质细胞产生NO和前炎性细胞因子的影响,探讨α-MSH的抗炎作用机制。方法:分别用LPS或α-MSH+LPS处理体外培养的大鼠脑星形胶质细胞,用Griess试剂测定NO, 以MTT显色法检测IL-1、IL-6和TNF-α, 采用半定量RT-PCR检测MIF mRNA表达。结果:体外培养的星形胶质细胞在LPS刺激下产生NO、IL-1、IL-6、TNF-α和表达MIF mRNA显著增高; 若同时给予LPS和α-MSH, 可明显降低NO、IL-1、IL-6和TNF-α的产生以及MIF mRNA表达。结论:提示α-MSH抑制星形胶质细胞产生NO和前炎性细胞因子与其抑制中枢神经系统炎症反应密切相关。
中国图书分类号R392.12
Effects of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone on the production of NO and proinflammatory cytokines in astrocytes in vitro
WU Xiu-JuTIAN Ye-PingZHOU Zheng-Fang
(Department of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433)
AbstractObjective:In order to explore the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH), the effects of α-MSH on the production of NO and proinflammatory cytokines in astrocytes induced by LPS were investigated.Methods:Rat brain astrocytes cultured in vitro were stimulated with LPS or given α-MSH with LPS stimulation. NO produced in astrocytes was tested with Griess reagent. IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α secreted from astrocytes were examined by MTT assay. The expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) mRNA was examined with semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis.Results:The production of NO, IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α and the expression of MIF mRNA were significantly increased in astrocytes stimulated with LPS. If giving α-MSH with LPS stimulation, the production of NO, IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α and the expression of MIF mRNA were markedly decreased.Conclusion:It is suggested that the inhibitory actions of α-MSH on the production of NO and proinflammatory cytokines in astrocytes are related to the inhibitory effects of α-MSH on inflammation in central nervous system.
Key wordsα-melanocyte stimulating hormoneAstrocyteNitric oxideProinflammatory cytokine
星形胶质细胞是脑内特化的免疫细胞,能够产生多种细胞因子,并具有吞噬和提呈抗原等功能,在中枢神经系统病理过程中起重要作用。α-黑素细胞刺激素(α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, α-MSH)是一种分布广泛的内源性神经免疫调节肽,动物实验证实α-MSH可抑制多种急慢性炎症反应[1-3],包括脑炎症反应[4]。α-MSH的抗炎机制研究表明,α-MSH可作用于外周炎细胞上的相应受体,直接抑制局部炎症反应,也可作用于中枢神经系统,进而调节外周炎症反应[5],但是否涉及抑制占脑内胶质细胞大多数的星形胶质细胞产生各种炎症介质的报道很少。本实验研究了α-MSH对LPS诱导脑星形胶质细胞产生NO和前炎性细胞因子的影响,进一步从神经内分泌免疫调节角度探明α-MSH的抗炎作用机制。
1材料与方法
1.1主要试剂和细胞株α-MSH和LPS购自Sigma;MTT购自Amresco;B9杂交瘤细胞和L929细胞购自ATCC;RPMI1640培养基购自GibcoBRL。
1.2星形胶质细胞的体外培养取1日龄新生SD大鼠脑组织,剥除脑膜和血管,Hank′s液冲洗2遍,反复轻柔吹打制成细胞悬液,用含15%~20%NCS的DMEM高糖培养基(葡萄糖6 mg/ml)进行培养,第5天换液1次,第9天以机械振荡去除其它细胞,再以0.1%胰蛋白酶和0.02%EDTA消化,换用含10%NCS的DMEM高糖培养基, 置37℃、5%CO2中培养,待细胞达90%以上接触,以胶质纤维酸性蛋白抗体经免疫细胞化学方法鉴定,星形胶质细胞纯度达99%以上。本实验中均使用培养2~4 w的星形胶质细胞。
1.3星形胶质细胞培养上清的制备用完全DMEM培养基将星形胶质细胞配成5×104 ml-1, 接种于24孔细胞培养板,单加LPS或同时加LPS和不同浓度α-MSH,分别于刺激后12、24、36、48、60、72 h收集细胞培养上清。
1.4NO含量的测定采用Griess试剂检测[6]。
1.5前炎性细胞因子的检测以胸腺细胞增殖测定IL-1;以B9杂交瘤细胞增殖测定IL-6;以细胞毒效应检测TNF-α,靶细胞为L929细胞;三种检测均采用MTT显色法。
1.6半定量RT-PCR大鼠MIF 5′端引物:CGGAATTCCATGCCTATGTTCATCGTGAAC, 3′端引物:GCCAAGGTGGAAGCGAACTCCTAGGAA,扩增片段为351 bp;β-actin 5′端引物:TGGAATCCTGTGGCATCCA-TGAAAC, 3′端引物:TAAAACGCAGCTCAGTAACAGT-CCG, 扩增片段为349 bp。用Trizol RNA快速抽提试剂提取星形胶质细胞总RNA。以2 μg细胞总RNA为模板进行反转录。反应条件:H2O 12 μl,5×RT buffer 4 μl,oligo dT15(500 μg/ml) 0.5 μl,dNTP(10 mmol/L) 1 μl,M-MuLV酶0.5 μl,37℃反应1 h。灭活反转录酶后,以2 μl cDNA为模板进行PCR,反应参数:94℃ 30 s,56℃ 30 s,72℃ 1 min,30个循环。PCR产物于2%琼脂糖凝胶上电泳观察结果。
1.7统计学处理采用student's t检验。
2结果
2.1α-MSH对LPS诱导星形胶质细胞产生NO的影响星形胶质细胞经10 μg/ml LPS刺激12、24和36 h后,NO含量明显增加,而1 ng/ml LPS 和100 ng/ml LPS刺激后,NO含量与对照组比较相差不显著。在10 μg/ml LPS刺激的同时给予0.1 nmol/L或10 nmol/L α-MSH,对星形胶质细胞产生NO具有非常显著的抑制作用(图1)。
2.2α-MSH对LPS诱导星形胶质细胞产生IL-1的影响如图2所示,未经LPS刺激的星形胶质细胞IL-1分泌量较低,于培养36 h时有一个较低的分泌峰;LPS刺激后星形胶质细胞产生IL-1明显增加, 以24~36 h 时最明显;在LPS刺激的同时加入α-MSH 10 nmol/L能够显著抑制LPS诱导的IL-1分泌。
2.3α-MSH对LPS诱导星形胶质细胞产生IL-6的影响星形胶质细胞培养12 h 时自发分泌IL-6较多, 随后逐渐减少;LPS刺激后12~24 h出现明显增高的分泌峰,24 h后逐渐下降,但仍高于自发分泌;同时加入LPS和α-MSH 10 nmol/L作用12~24 h,对IL-6的分泌具有非常显著的抑制作用(图3)。
图1α-MSH对LPS诱导星形胶质细胞产生NO的影响
Fig.1Effect of α-MSH on the production of nitric oxide in astrocytes induced by LPS
Note:A.control;B.LPS;C.LPS+α-MSH(10 nmol/L);D.LPS+α-MSH(0.1 nmol/L),* P<0.05 vs LPS group, **P<0.01 vs group
图2α-MSH对LPS诱导星形胶质细胞产生IL-1的影响
Fig.2Effect of α-MSH on the production of IL-1 in astrocytes induced by LPS
Note:*P<0.01 vs LPS group
图3α-MSH对LPS诱导星形胶质细胞产生IL-6影响
Fig.3Effect of α-MSH on the production of IL-6 in astrocytes induced by LPS
Note:*P<0.01 vs LPS group
图4α-MSH对LPS诱导星形胶质细胞产生TNF-α影响
Fig.4Effect of α-MSH on the production of TNF-α in astrocytes induced by LPS
Note:*P<0.05 vs LPS group,**P<0.01 vs LPS group
图5LPS刺激后星形胶质细胞MIF mRNA的表达
Fig.5Expression of MIF mRNA in astrocytes after LPS stimulation
Note:M.marker;1.unstimulated;2,4,6,8,10.LPS(10 μl/ml);3,5,7,9,11.LPS(100 ng/ml);2,3.stimulated for 1 hour;4,5.stimulated for 2 hours;6,7.stimulated for 4 hours;8,9.stimulated for 8 h
