Role of somatostatin and cholinergic mechanisms of gastrin
release regulation in isolated rat stomach during gastric distention
LI Yong-Yu
Department of Pathophysiology, Zunyi Medical College ,Zunyi (563003)
Abstract AIM:To examine the effect of graded distention of isolated rat stomach on the release of gastrin and somatostatin(SS), and the possible intragastric mechanisms.METHODS and RESULTS:Graded gastric distention by 5, 10, 15 mL saline for 20 minutes caused a significant volume-dependent decrease of gastrin release and increase of SS release. In response to 10 mL distention, infusion of axonalblocker TTX(10-6 mol/L) and cholinergic blocker atropine (10-7 mol/L) attenuated a decrement of gastrin release by 50% and an increment of SS by 40%, respectively. The SS antagonist (SS-A) cyclo [7-aminohepanoyl-Phe-D-Trp-Lys-Thr(Bzl)](10-6mol/L) attenuated the inhibition of gastrin release by 60%. Furthermore, combined infusion of SS-A and atropine completely abolished distention induced inhibition of gastrin release.CONCLUSIONS:Distention of isolated rat stomach stimulates SS release via cholinergic and non-cholinergic TTX-insensitive pathways. But SS also intragastric cholinergic pathways are responsible for the distention-induced inhibition of gastrin release.
MeSHStomach dilatation; Gastrins; Somatostatin
大量研究证实胃扩张经迷走一迷走神经反射刺激胃泌素(gastrin)分泌[1,2],而胃内调节机制的作用尚属研究中的课题。本文在获得在体及离体大鼠胃扩张时胃泌素、生长抑素(somatostatin,SS)分泌变化的规律后[3],继续就其机制进行探讨。
材料与方法
(一)主要药品及试剂:河豚毒(tetrodotoxin,TTX)、阿托品(atropine, ATRO)、胃泌素释放肽(gastrin-releasing peptide, GRP)、SS-14购自Sigma, Munich, Germany; SS拮抗剂cyclo(somatostatin-antagonist, SS-A)购自Bachem, Hannover, Germany; gastrin 及SS测定试剂盒购自Becton and Dickinson, Heidelberg, Germany。
(二)大鼠血管灌流胃离体标本的制备:用体重250~350 g雄性大鼠(Charles River Wiga GmbH, Sulz-felden, Germany)109只,按Madaus等介绍的方法制备带血管灌流的离体大鼠胃标本(鼠胃)[4]。经胃动脉输注稍有改动的Krebs-Ringer缓冲液(1.5 mL/min)[4],从门静脉收集流出液(1次/min),以测其gastrin及SS含量。
(三)实验分组及步骤:实验设3部分:
1.胃扩张对gastrin、SS分泌的影响:用鼠胃39只,分对照组(n=8)、5 mL扩张组(n=8)、10 mL扩张组(n=15)及15 mL扩张组(n=8)。基础状态稳定20 min,各组经食管插管分别注生物盐水(NS)0、5、10、15 mL以扩张胃,保持扩张状态20 min,再从十二指肠插管放出NS中止扩张。分别在扩张前、扩张中及扩张后收集门静脉流出液(1次/min),测定其gastrin、SS水平。
2.TTX、ATRO、SS-A对胃扩张时gastrin及SS分泌的影响:取鼠胃50只,10 mL NS扩张胃的同时,向胃动脉输注神经节阻断剂TTX(10-6mol/L,n=10),或M型胆碱能受体阻断剂ATRO(10-7mol/L,n=10),或SS-A(10-6 mol/L,n=15),或SS-A+ATRO(浓度同前,n=15)。分别收集注药前、中、后门静脉流出液,测定其gastrin、SS水平。
3.SS对GRP诱导gastrin分泌的影响:用鼠胃20只,向胃动脉输注GRP(10-8 mol/L,待其效应出现即分两组,一组加注外源性SS-14(10-8 mol/L,n=11),一组加注SS-14+SS-A(浓度同前,n=9)。分别收集门静脉流出液,测定其gastrin水平。
每只鼠胃只作一次扩张或一次灌药用。
(四)数据处理:所有数据以均数±标准差(±s)表示。胃扩张时各指标变化总量系指扩张期间单位时间内各指标的值与对照组相应时间的值之差的总和均数,用以评价各指标总的变化情况。均数差异显著性用t检验测试。
结果
(一) 胃扩张时gastrin、SS分泌的变化:离体大鼠胃扩张引起容量依赖性gastrin分泌减少与SS分泌增加,该反应持续于整个扩张过程。去除胃内容量负荷,二者的分泌逐渐恢复至基础水平(图1)。扩张期间的gastrin分泌减少量分别为(183±75) pg/20 min(5 mL组)、(385±86) pg/20 min(10 mL组)及(440±85) pg/20 min(15 mL组);SS分泌增加的总量分别为(260±102 pg/20 min(5 mL组)、(608±148) pg/20 min(10 mL组)、(943±316) pg/20 min(15 mL组);与对照组比较,差异均有显著(P<0.05)(图2)。
Fig 1Release of gastrin, somatostatin from isolated rat stomach during gastric distention (D) (control n=8; 5 mL n=8;10 mL n=15; 15 mL n=8; ±s)
图1离体大鼠胃扩张时胃泌素、生长抑素分泌的变化
Fig 2Integrated release of gastrin, somatostatin from isolated rat stomach during gastric distention (D) (control n=8; 5 mL n=8; 10 mL n=15; 15 mL n=8; ±s); P<0.05, vs control
图2离体大鼠胃扩张期间胃泌素、生长抑素分泌量变化
(二)TTX、ATRO、SS-A对胃扩张时gastrin、SS分泌的影响:扩张鼠胃(10 mL NS)的同时,经血管输注TTX或ATRO或SS-A或SS-A+ATRO,使胃扩张所引起的gastrin分泌抑制效应被分别抵消50%、40%、60%和90%,与单纯扩张组的比较,P<0.05或P<0.01,(图3)。
Fig 3 Integrated release of gastrin, somatostatin (SS) from isolated rat stomach during gastric distention(D) in presence of TTX, atropine(Atro), SS-antagonist (SA) and a combination of SA and atropine (10 mL n=15; TTX n=10; SA n=15; SA and atropine n=15; ±s); P<0.05 vs 10 mL
图3河豚毒、阿托品、生长抑素拮抗剂对离体大鼠胃扩张时胃泌素、生长抑素、分泌的影响
在阻断胃扩张抑制gastrin分泌的同时,TTX及ATRO对胃扩张刺激SS分泌的效应也表现出部分拮抗作用,使其分泌增加量仅为(370±100) pg/20 min及(404±77)pg/20 min,与单纯扩张组的(608±148) pg/20 min比较,P<0.05,(图3)。
(三)、SS对GRP刺激gastrin分泌的影响:向胃动脉输注GRP,gastrin分泌明显增加;这一效应在给予外源性SS-14后明显受抑;停止输注SS-14,GRP促分泌的作用再现(图4);若在滴注SS-14的同时给SS-A,则完全消除SS-14的抑制作用(图4)。
Fig 4Effect of somatostatin-14 on gastrin release from isolated rat stomach prestimulated by GRP in control and during perfusion with somatostat
