中图分类号:R512.91文献标识码:A
文章编号:1003-5125(2000)02-0127-09
Study on the Variation of the env Gene of HIV-1 in vitro
FANG Wei-ping
(Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology,Academy of Military Medical Science,Beijing 100071,China)
LI Jing-yun,BAO Zuo-yi,LU Fu-shuang,WANG Hong-xia
(Department of Microbiology and Immunology,Shanxi Medical University,Taiyuan 030001,China)
Abstract:In order to understand the characteristics and rules of HIV diversity when passaged in vitro,the systematic study on the variation of env gene of HIV strain introduced from American in 1988 was carried out.Taking all the following strains as the objects:the 96-strain derived from the primary strain by continuous freeze-thaw-usage in laboratory for more than eight years; the 42h strain derived from primary strain by serial passaging with continuous changing of host cell in MT4 and HelaCD4+ and the strains sampled from serial passaged primary strain in MT4 cell every ten generations,The pre-DNA fragments of these HIV env gene were amplified by nested PCR.The fragment of 1200 bp originated from the V1-V5 region was analyzed.The subtypes of these HIV strains were identified by Heteroduplexes Mobility Assay (HMA).The main results were:(1) the env gene diversity of all the strains were indistinctive,all the nucleotide homogeneous were greater than 92% and all the gene diversity distance were less than 7.5%,moreover,the gene was seem to becoming fixed as the passage going on,the homogeneous between generation risen from 92% to 99%,where gene distance decreased from 7.5% to 0.59%.(2) All strains's subtypes were HIV-1 B3,the genetic type maintained stable during the passage.It meant that the variation of env gene of HIV in vitro was similar to that of infecting terminal period in vivo.The reasons may lie in that the more adaptive and higher virulence HIV strain,with the simple culturing circumstances and without the selective pressure of anti-HIV humoral and cellular immune existing in body.It is concluded that the characteristics of heredity maintained stable when HIVs were serial passaged in vitro,so passaged HIVs in vitro fit for use of HIV applied studies.But it is futile to want to get attenuated HIV vaccine by long term passages.
Key words:HIV; Serial passage; env gene; Diversity
人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)的显著特征之一是其高度的变异性,这是HIV逃脱机体免疫监视的主要原因,也是HIV疫苗和治疗研究的主要障碍。观察HIV在体外培养条件下的变异情况对于评估机体内环境在HIV变异中的作用以及评价体外长期传代HIV毒种的实用性具有一定的意义。为此,我们对体外长期传代HIV毒株env基因的变异情况进行了系统的观察,对本室保存的长期传代HIV毒株以及为本实验目的而连续传代的毒株样品进行了HIV亚型测定,同时进行核苷酸和氨基酸序列测定和同源性分析。
1材料和方法
1.1细胞
MT4细胞,1997年引自日本,本室保存。Hela CD4细胞,1997年引自美国,本室保存。
1.2HIV毒株
1.2.1880508株:系本室1988年从美国引进的HIV-1ⅢB毒株。
1.2.2960905株:系880508株经过本实验室8年的传代使用,于1996年冻存的毒株。
1.2.3880508-11、-21、-31、-43株:系880508株在MT4细胞上连续传代收获的第11代、21代、31代、43代毒株样品。
1.2.442h株:系880508株在MT4和HelaCD4细胞间反复更换宿主细胞,传至第42代收获的毒株样品。
1.3HIV亚型测定
使用HMA法(Heteroduplexes Mobility Assay)[1],用套式PCR方法(引物序列分别是:外引物ED3 TTAGGCATCTCCTATGGCAGGAAGAAGCGG。ED14 TCTTGCCTGGAGCTGTTTGATGCCCCAGAC内引物ED5 ATGGGATCAAAGCCTAAAGCCATGTG。ED12 AGTGCTTCCTGCTGCTCCCAAGAACCCAAG)扩增HIV env基因1200bp的片段(图1),扩增产物与含标准HIV亚型基因的质粒的扩增片段杂交,然后进行5%非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,PCR扩增引物和HIV标准亚型质粒由卫生部艾滋病预防与控制中心提供。
1.4核苷酸序列测定
将亚型测定时PCR扩增的HIV env基因V1-V5区1200bp的片段连接于pGEM-T载体质粒,转化入感受态细胞XL-1,经过扩大培养、筛选和特异性鉴定以后,阳性克隆用于核苷酸序列测定,880508株毒种测定了二个克隆,分别为880508A和880508B。由大连宝生物有限公司用ABIPRISMTM337DNA全自动测序仪测定。
1.5序列测定结果分析
1.5.1用Goldkey和Clustawl软件进行核苷酸和氨基酸同源性分析。
1.5.2用Phylip3.57软件进行核苷酸和氨基础酸最大相似距离分析。
2结果
2.1扩增不同HIV-1毒株的env基因片段
以DE3、DE14为外引物,DE5、DE12为内引物,用套式PCR方法扩增HIV-1的env基因,经1.5%的琼脂糖凝胶电泳后,在紫外灯下观察到1200bp扩增片段(图1)。
图1不同毒株样品PCR扩增产物电泳图
Fig.1 PCR production derived from different HIV strains
1 and 11,DNA Marker; 2 and 10,Negative control; 3-9,PCR fragments of 880508-1.
-11.-21.-31.-43.960905 and 42 h respectively.
2.2HIV亚型测定和分析
所有HIV毒株均为HIV-1 B3亚型(图2),代表美国SF162毒株。由同一毒种传代而得的毒株遗传距离非常接近,与sd、dph、jfq、xgh等其他来源的毒株的距离较远(图3)。
2.3核苷酸和氨基酸同源性分析
序列分析结果显示长期传代HIV毒株的env基因核苷酸和氨基酸变异均不显著,不论高变区还是恒定区均不存在变异明显的区域(图4)。除了多处出现终止密码子的880508-11克隆以外,随着传代数的增加,代间核苷酸和氨基酸的同源性有上升的趋势(表1),同时代间核苷酸和氨基酸的变异距离有下降的趋势(表2)。
图2HMA法测定HIV-1亚型的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳图
Fig.2 Subtype analysis of HIV strains using HMA method
图3不同HIV毒株的亚型测定结果及其相互间的关系
Fig.3 Subtype analysis and the relationship among different strains
所有HIV毒株的核苷酸序列的同源性均大于92%,变异距离小于7.5%,随着传代数的增加核苷酸序列更趋于一致,代间同源性由92%上升至99%,而变异距离由7.5%下降为0.6%。氨基酸同源性也由92%上升为99%,变异距离由7.94%下降为0.25%。
3讨论
HIV高度变异性的分子基础是复制过程中反转录酶的忠实性较差[2],即缺乏3′-5′外切核酸的校读功能,导致RNA转录为DNA<
