A study on mutation of exon 5 of presenilin-1 in Alzheimer's disease
MA Qiulan, QIAN Caiyun, LIU Zhuolin, LU Xilin, LIN Hongchuan. department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University of Medical Scinece, Guangzhou 510080 P.R.China.
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo explore the role of the mutation of presenilin-1 in pathogenesis of sporadic Alzheimer's disease.MethodsThe exon 5 of presenilin-1 was analysed by using ploymerase chain-reaction single strand conformation polymorphism(PCR-SSCP) and ABI 310 genetic analyzer technique in 68 patients with Alzheimer's disease and 65 normal controls.ResultsA mobility shift of SSCP in exon 5 of presenilin-1 was detected in 4 patients with Alzheimer's disease;two missense mutations were found. One mutation was at Leu 130 Met and the other at val157 Leu.Another mobility shift of SSCP in exon 5 of presenilin-1 was detected in 11 patients with Alzheimer's disease. One missense mutation was at Leu 130Met and one same sense mutation C462→T. But no mobility shift of SSCP was found in patients with vascular dementia and in normal controls.ConclusionThe authors found that mutations in exon 5 of presenilin-1 also existed in patients with sporadic Alzheimer's disease, which might be one of the points of mutations in sporadic Alzheimer's disease in Chinese.
【Key words】Alzheimer's diseasePresenilin-1MutationGenetics
最近研究发现,多数早发性家族性阿尔茨海默氏病(familial alzheimer's disease,FAD)与14号染色体上的早老素-1(presenilin-1,PS-1)基因突变有关[1],少数早发性FAD与PS-2基因突变有关。早老素基因与散发性Alzheimer病(sporadic alzheimer's disease,SAD)的关系,目前国内外研究较少,为探讨PS-1基因突变在SAD发病机理中的作用,我们用聚合酶链反应-单链构象多态性(polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism, PCR-SSCP)、DNA直接测序技术检测了68例SAD患者及65名正常老年人PS-1基因第5外显子,发现在SAD患者中也存在PS-1基因第5外显子突。
1对象和方法
1.1研究对象
1.1.1AD组68例,男22例,女46例,平均年龄79±8岁。全部病例从广州市老人院中筛选,应用简易精神状态量表(mini mental state examination,MMSE)、长谷川痴呆量表(Hasegawa dementia scale, hDS)进行痴呆筛选调查,采用美国国立神经病、语言机能紊乱和卒中研究所及阿尔茨海默氏病和相关疾病协会(the national Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke and the Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association, ADRDA-NINCDS)临床诊断标准,把诊断为‘可能性AD’的患者列为研究对象,全部患者无血缘关系。MMSE痴呆判断标准为:文盲组<17分,小学组<20分,中学以上组<24分,哈金斯基缺血量表(the hachinski ischemic scale, HIS)缺血指数<4分。
1.1.2正常对照组65人,男30人,女35人,平均年龄76±6岁。全部为正常健康老年人。
1.2实验方法
1.2.1常规酚提取法提取外周血DNA。
1.2.2PS-1基因第5外显子体外扩增见参考文献[2]。合成引物序列:上游为5′-GTGGTAATGT-GGTTGGTGAT-3′,下游为5-CCCAACCATAAG-AAGAACAG-3′。反应体积:25μl,含有模板DNA50~100 ng、0.2 mmol/L dNTP、上下游引物各0.2 μmol/L、50 mmol KCl、1.5 mmol MgCl2、10 mmol Tris-HCl,pH8.3、1U Taq DNA聚合酶。PCR反应条件:95℃预变性5分钟,然后按94℃30秒、58℃45秒、72℃30秒,35个循环,最后72℃10分钟。反应结束后,取PCR产物5μl,加1μl上样缓冲液,于质量浓度为0.012的琼脂糖凝胶电泳,溴乙锭染色,在紫外分析仪上检测PCR扩增产物的特异性。用100 bpDNA Ladder作marker测PCR产物片段大小,外显子5扩增长度为260bp(图1)。
图1PS-1第5外显子PCR产物电泳图M:分子量标准;a、b、c:PCR产物
fig 1PCR products of Exon 5 of presenilin-1M:marker; a,b and c:PCR products
1.2.3SSCP分析取PCR产物8μl加上样缓冲液(体积分数为0.9的去离子甲酰胺、质量浓度为0.0005的溴酚蓝、质量浓度为0.0005的二甲苯睛蓝)等量,97℃变性10分钟,骤冷,10分钟后上样于质量浓度为0.1聚丙烯酰胺凝胶(丙烯酰胺∶甲叉双丙烯酰胺为29∶1)电泳,200V恒压,20mA电流条件下电泳24小时。银染。观察变性后的二条单链电泳迁移率,比较AD患者和正常对照者有无不同。
1.2.4DNA序列分析采用ABI PRISM 310全自动基因分析仪分别对正常对照者、SSCP泳动异常及无SSCP泳动变位的AD患者的PCR产物直接进行DNA序列分析。
2结果
SSCP结果分析发现,68例SAD患者中,有4例患者SSCP显示一条单链,另有11例患者表现为一条单链增快,提示在这些患者的PS-1基因第5外显子上可能存在某一共同的突变点(图2)。
图2PCR-SSCP结果M:分子量标准;a:正常人;b、d、e、f、g、h:发生突变的AD患者;c:未发生突变的AD患者
fig 2The result of PCR-SSCPM:marker; a:normal;b,d,e,f,g and h:mutations in patients with AD; c:no mutations in patients with AD
用基因分析仪分别对SSCP泳动异常、无SSCP泳动变位的SAD患者及正常人的PCR产物进行DNA序列分析发现:4例SAD患者的130号密码子发生了CTG→ATG突变(388位点发生C→A突变),使氨基酸由亮氨酸变为蛋氨酸(Leu130Met);157号密码子发生了GTG→CTG错义突变(469位点发生G→C突变),使氨基酸由缬氨酸变为亮氨酸(Val157 leu)。另11例SAD患者的130号密码子发生了CTG→ATG突变(388位点发生C→A突变),使氨基酸由亮氨酸变为蛋氨酸(Leu130Met);154号密码子发生了TGC-TGT突变(462位点发生C→T突变),但未改变氨基酸的序列,为同义突变。在其他SAD患者和正常对照者中SSCP电泳均显示二条单链,无泳动异常。DNA序列分析结果见图3~6。
图3正常人a PS-1第5外显子DNA测序结果(从正向测序)
fig 3Sequencing results of exon 5 of presenilin-1 in normal a
图4发生突变的AD患者b PS-1第5外显子DNA测序结果(从反向测序)
fig 4Sequencing results of exon 5 of presenilin-1 in mutational patient b with AD
图5发生突变的AD患者g PS-1第5外显子DNA测序结果(从反向测序)
fig 5Sequencing results of exon 5 of presenilin-1 in mutational patient g with AD
