中图分类号:Q57;R331.3文献标识码:A文章编号:1000-6834(2000)03-0218-04
THE ADRENERGIC MECHANISM IN THE ROSTRAL VENTROLATERAL MEDULLA:A POSSIBLE ROLE IN STRESS-INDUSED PRESSOR RESPONSE AND TACHYCARDIA
WANG Shi-hong1, GUO Xue-qin2
(1.Department of Physiology, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 201400;2.Department of Physiology, Shanghai Medical University, Shanghai 200032)
ABSTRACT
Aim and Methods: This study attempts to find whether a microinjectio n of adrenaline (E) into the rostral ventrolateral medulla (rVLM) can or can't affec t the blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) of normal rats and analyzes the ef fects of the adrenergic mechanism in the rVLM on pressor response and tachycardi a induced by stress in the rVLM. Experiments were performed on male SD rats. It was found that stress-induced changes of BP and HR could be hanging and restrai ning conscious rats with theire four limbs tied on a frame. Results: ①The pressor response and tachycadia could be induced by restrained conscio usrats.②A microinjection of E into the bilateral rVLM resulted in an evident increase in BP and HR, which was blocked by a bilateral microinjection of α-ad renoceptor antagonist (phentolamine) into the same area, but not by β-adrenoce ptor antagonist (propranoil). A microinjection of E of the same dosage into t he b ilateral caudal ventrolateral medulla (cVLM) or by intravenous of E of the same dosage had no such effect.③A pretreatment of rVLM area with hydroxydopamine (6 -OHDA) abolished stress induced pressor and tachycardia.④The stress-induced p ressor response and tachycadia could be abolished by microinjection of Phentola mine into the rVLM, but not by propranolol. Conclusion: The increase of BP and HR by microinjection of E into the rVLM or the stress-induced presso r response and tachycardia by restraininig may be mediated by activation of the α-adrenoceptor in rVLM.
KEV WORDS: adrenaline; rostral ventrolateral medu lla (rVLM); stress; pressor response; tachycardia
我们曾报道束缚清醒大鼠[1]、或电刺激家兔下丘脑“防御反应区”[2] 可诱发血压升高,此作用能被静脉注射心得安或双侧肾上腺切除所消除,但不能被双侧颈 迷走神经切断或静脉注射阿托品所阻断,表明应激性血压升高是交感-肾上腺髓质系统活动 亢进所引起。另外,观察到脑内阿片肽[1]、GABA[3]、5-HT[4] 均 可抑制血压升高。文献报道延髓头端腹外侧区(rVLM)是调节心血管活动的关键部位[5 ]。组化方法显示,rVLM内存在儿茶酚胺能胞体和神经纤维[6,7]。本文试图在 清醒束缚大鼠引起应激性血压升高模型上,观察在 rVLM注入肾上腺素(E)能否影响正常大鼠 的血压和心率,并探讨此作用是否与 rVLM内α-或β-肾上腺素能受体激活有关,以及 阻断肾上腺素能受体对应激性升压反应的影响。
1材料和方法
1.1动物及分组
SD大鼠78只,雄性,体重250~300 g,随机分为四组。四组大鼠饮水时间及量相同。第 一组为对照组,让大鼠在笼中自由活动。实验时用乌拉坦(700 mg/kg)、氯醛糖(35 mg/kg )、腹腔注射麻醉,气管插管,右颈总动脉插入充满1%肝素生理盐水导管,经压力换能器将 血压、心率描记于SJ-42型多导生理记录仪。第二组为正常大鼠脑内核团微量注射组,参照 Paxinos和Matson图谱借助定向仪将内外套管垂直插入rVLM(P 11.8 mm,中线旁开1.6~1 .8 mm,H 10.4~10.7 mm)或延髓尾端腹外侧区(cVLM P 13.6 mm,中线旁开1.6~1.8 mm,H 10.4~10.7 mm),内套管经充满药液的硅胶管与微量进样器相连,在2 min内将药 液匀速注射完毕。第三组为束缚组,将清醒大鼠四肢及尾部束缚在铁丝网架上,每晚束缚9 h,连续2 d,其余时间仍在笼中自由活动,束缚2 d并经4 h自由活动后以上述方法进行实验 。第四组为束缚后应激大鼠脑内核团微量药液注射组。
1.2实验方法
微量注射部位的定位方法同文[1],参照Paxinos和Matson图谱组织学鉴定,在rVLM区药物注射点属巨细胞旁外侧核及头端腹侧网状核区域,在 cVLM区药物注射点属外侧网状核 区域[10]。注射药物及其剂量为:每侧肾上腺素0.5 μg/0.5 μl,酚妥拉明(P hentolamine or Phent)5 μg/0.5 μl,心得安( Propranolol or Prop)10 μg/0.5 μl,6-羟基多巴胺(6-OHDA)25 μg/0.5 μl,生理盐水(NS)0.5 μl,pH均等6.0。 α-或β-肾上腺素能受体阻断剂注射10min后再注射E,每隔10 min测一次血压和心率, 连续观察80 min。
1.3数据处理
数据用均数±标准差(±s),并进行t检验。
2结果
2.1束缚清醒大鼠对血压、心率的影响
清醒大鼠(8只)束缚2 d后收缩压(SBP)为(19.20±0.20) kPa,舒张压(DBP)为(14.8 0±0.33)kPa,心率(HR)为(455.0±13.1) b/min,对照组(9只) SBP为(15.58±0 .30) kPa,DBP为(10.30±0.38) kPa,HR为(315.6±8.4) b/min。两组比较,血压、心率 均明显上升(P<0.01)。
2.2rVLM内注射E对血压和心率的影响
2.2.1正常大鼠双侧rVLM内注射E对血压、心率的影响双侧rVLM(7只) 注射E,2 min内匀速注射完药物,记录血压和心率。可见SBP、DBP显著上升(P<0.01 ),HR明显上升(P<0.05);而注射NS(5只),血压、心率无明显变化(P>0.05,图1 A,B)。
Fig.1 Effects of microinjection of E in to bilateral rVLM or cVLM on BP and HR(↑ microinjection)
*P<0.05,**P<0.01, vs NS gro up
2.2.2双侧rVLM内注射α-肾上腺素能受体阻断剂酚妥拉明后再注射E对血压、 心 率的影响双侧rVLM内注射α-肾上腺素能受体阻断剂酚妥拉明后再注射E(5只),可 见E引起的血压升高、心率加快的反应受到阻断。在双侧 rVLM内注射β-受体阻断剂心得 安后再注射 E(5只),仍见血压升高(P<0.01),心率加快(P<0.05)。在双侧rVLM 内以上述同样条件注射2次NS(5只),血压、心率无显著改变(P>0.05,图2A,B)。
Fig.2 Effects of microinjection of E i n to bilateral rVLM after pretreatment of phentolamine or propranolol into same rV LM on BP and HR(↑microinjection)
*P<0.05, **P<0.01,vs NS+NS grop
2.3双侧cVLM微量注射或静脉注射E对血压、心率的影响
在双侧cVLM(5只)或颈外静脉(5只)注射相同剂量 E,血压、心率无明显变化(P>0 .05,图1A,B)。
2.4rVLM内儿茶酚胺对应激性血压升高的影响
2.4.1双侧rVLM内注射6-羟多巴胺(6-OHDA)对束缚诱发血压升高的影响在束缚大鼠双侧rVLM内注射损毁肾上腺素能神经元和神经纤维的6-OHDA(6只),可见束 缚大鼠的血压、心率有明显降低(P<0.01)。而注射等量NS(6只),血压、心率无明显 变化(P>0.05),可排除药物容量的影响(图3A,B)。以上提示:应激性血压升高和心率
