分类号:R329.2+4文献标识码:A
文章编号:1007—2659(2000)01—0035—04
Morphologic Observation of Canine's Atrioventricular Nodal Junction and Its Clinical Significance.
ZHAO Gui-fengDU Ri-yingZHENG Qiang-sunet al.
Abstract:The purpose of the study was to observe the morphology basis underlying dual atrioventricular nodal pathways (DAVNP).After the electrophysiologyic examination was performed in ten canines,the atrioventricular junction (AVJ) was used to examine the histologic features by serial sections.In ten canines,discontinuous atrioventricular conduction curves was testified in two canines,including atrioventricular node (AVN) echoes in a canine.Three morphologically distinct transitional cellular bundles were found to link forward with the AVN respectively from the left atrium,the wall of the coronary sinus,the periphery of the coronary sinus orifics (CSO) and the region between the septal part of the tricuspid value and the CSO.Right and middle transitional cellular bundles converge together near the AVN.The muscular fibers of three transitional cellular bundles were slender and stained light.The AVN consisted of the deep stratum and the superficial stratum.The cells of the deep stratum were tightly packed and stained deep.The cells of the superficial stratum were sparsely packed and relatively stained light with lying on the right surface of the AVN.In a canine with evidence of DAVNP,The AVN was sparsely packed and stained light.The CSO and the sinus intercavarum showed significant enlargement.Otherwise,The transitional cells were also found in the posterior wall of the right atrium.The results suggest that morphologic characteristics are obvious difference in canine's AVJ.Three transitional cellular bundles and the AVN may provide the morphologic basis of DAVNP.Under the specified conditions of physiology and pathology,the electrophysiologic manifestation of DAVNP may possibly occur.[Chinese Journal of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology,2000,14(1):35~38]
Key Words:Atrioventricular junctionDual atrioventricular nodal pathwaysCellular formTransitional cellCanine▲
近几年的电生理研究表明结周组织或心房肌参与了房室结双径 (DAVNP)的构成[1,2]。有些形态学研究也观察到人及动物房室交界区存在着主要由过渡细胞组成的兴奋传导束[3,4],并认为此传导束提供了DAVNP的解剖基础。但是迄今为止,DAVNP的解剖形态学基础仍存在争议。本文采用电生理检查和组织切片观察相结合的方法,对犬房室交界区进行深入细致的研究。
1资料与方法
1.1电生理检查健康成年杂种犬10只,雌雄不拘,体重19~27.5 kg。3%戊巴比妥钠每公斤体重30 mg肌注麻醉后,取平卧位固定于X线导管床上。气管插管,机械通气。常规穿刺或切开股静脉和颈内静脉,分别置入6F 4极电极导管至高位右房、His束及右室心尖部。多导生理记录仪(HELLIGE MULTISCRIRTOR EK36)同步记录高位右房、His束、右室电图及体表Ⅱ导联心电图。程序刺激仪(Medtronic MODEL 5326)分别进行右室心尖部和高位右房程序期前刺激,至少两个基础周期。其中一个为300 ms,以5~10 ms递减周长反扫至心房不应期或心室不应期,刺激重复三次。程序刺激仪产生方波脉冲,波宽2 ms,强度为2倍舒张期阈值。走纸速度100 mm/s。
1.2DAVNP诊断标准沿用Fang-Yue Lin实验诊断标准[5]:①不连续房室传导曲线,即心房期前刺激时,当A1A2以10 ms递减时,A2H2突然增加≥40 ms;或心室期前刺激时,在V1V2以10 ms递减时,A1A2出现类似突然增加。②心房或心室期前刺激时,出现AVN回波。③正传折返性心动过速时,出现AH间期交替现象。
1.3组织学检查电生理检查完毕后,5~10 min内取出心脏,10%福尔马林固定48 h,切取包括冠状静脉窦(CS)、房室结(AVN)、近端房室束及三尖瓣隔侧瓣附着缘在内的房室隔,组织块大小约3 cm×2 cm×1.5 cm。然后常规脱水,石蜡包埋,均做水平面连续切片,每10片取1片,每片厚6 μm。HE染色,关键片部位加染masson染色和磷钨酸苏木素染色。光镜观察,测微尺测量,最后显微照相。
2结果
2.1电生理10只犬中2例具有可验证的DAVNP现象,表现为不连续房室传导曲线,其中1例有心房回波。2例均未诱发出房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)。其中7例无室房逆传。
2.2组织学对8只犬心脏标本进行了组织学连续切片检查,包括2例DAVNP犬。图1为组织学检查结果示意图。
图1犬房室交界区水平断面示意图LA=左房,RA=右房,LV=左室,AVN=房室结,AVB=房室束,SS=房室结浅层,CS=冠状静脉窦,IVS=室间隔肌,SV=三尖瓣隔侧瓣,LTCB=左过渡细胞束,MTCB=中过渡细胞束,RTCB=右过渡细胞束,CFB=中心纤维体
2.2.1心房扩展部8只犬均可见到有三条主要由过渡细胞组成的细胞束与AVN相连(图2,3),自左上向右下依次走行于不同层面。左过渡细胞束位置偏左上,自左侧心房肌向前下沿室间隔肌上缘向右至AVN左后端,纤维数量较多;中过渡细胞束位置较左过渡细胞束略低,自CS壁沿锥形间隙或室间隔肌与右房肌之间向前至AVN后端,纤维数量较少;右过渡细胞束位置偏右下,自三尖瓣隔侧瓣与CS口(CSO)之间及CSO周围向前经心内膜下至AVN右后端并至结的浅层,部分与浅层纤维自然延续。其中右、中过渡细胞束在靠近AVN处基本汇合在一起。组成此三条细胞束的过渡细胞排列较疏松,光镜下纤维纤细、染色浅淡。这些细胞一般呈细长形,直径约10~20 μm,长度约50 μm,比一般心肌细胞短,胞核长形或椭园形。细胞常被胶原纤维所分隔。
图2犬AVN及心房扩展部三条过渡细胞束,水平切面(Masson染色×20)
图3犬AVN及其相连的三条过渡细胞束,水平切面(Masson染色×1.3)
2.2.2AVN位于CSO前上方的房室隔内,中心纤维体的后右侧,其间有疏松结缔组织相隔,靠近右房肌(图3,4)。6只犬AVN左侧紧贴室间隔肌,2只犬紧贴中心纤维体,其间无结缔组织相隔,再向左与左室流入道前部相对应;右侧与心内膜较近,约0.8~1.6 mm,其间有薄层心房肌相隔;AVN后端伸向锥形间隙,间隙内充以脂肪组织,内有AVN动脉及静脉,淋巴管及神经节。
图4犬AVN在房室交界区的位置,水平切面(Masson染色×1.3)
犬A
