[中图分类号]R364.1; R333.4[文献标识码]A
[文章编号]1000-4718(2000)10-0901-05
The protection of the hepatic ischemic preconditioning is concerned
with the NO/ET-1 system
LU Ping
(Department of General Surgery,Laboratory of General Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical Institute,)
CHEN Dao-da
(Department of General Surgery,Laboratory of General Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical Institute,)
TIAN Yuan
(Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China)
ZHANG Jing-hui
(Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China)
WU Yi-hua
(Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China)
[Abstract]AIM: To study the relationship between the disturbance of nitric oxide/endothelin-1(NO/ET-1) and hepatic ischemia/reperfusion(I/R) injury as well as the regulation of NO/ET-1 system by hepatic ischemic preconditioning(IPC). METHODS: The changes of NO/ET-1 system and their relationship with hepatic I/R injury were compared between I/R group and IPC+I/R group in a rat hepatic I/R model. Two hours after reperfusion, the liver tissues were detected by RT-PCR to see whether there was inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA expression. RESULTS:In the acute phase of hepatic reperfusion, the ratio of NO/ET-1 was reduced, which was due to a significant reduction of NO-2/NO-3 (the metabolic product of NO) and significant elevation of ET-1 in the blood plasma. The content of ALT, AST, LDH and TNF-α in blood plasma, and of MDA in liver tissue were increased but ATP in liver tissue was reduced, the hepatic damage was deteriorated. The protection of the hepatic IPC was concerned with the elevation of the ratio of NO/ET-1 caused by the elevation of NO-2/NO-3, and reduction of ET-1 as well. There was no iNOS mRNA detected in the liver tissues.CONCLUSION: Hepatic I/R injury is related to the disturbance of NO/ET-1. The protection of the hepatic IPC in the acute phase might be conducted by its regulation of NO/ET-1 system. The cNOS rather than the iNOS generated the NO in this situation.
[MeSH]Liver; Reperfusion injury; Ischemia; Nitric oxide; Endothelins
近年研究发现一氧化氮/内皮素(nitric oxide/endothelins, NO/ETs)这一对最强烈的血管舒缩因子在肝缺血再灌注(ischemia/reperfusion,I/R)中发挥重要作用[1],并有研究认为肝缺血预处理(ischemic preconditioning,IPC)的保护机制与NO有关[2]。但对肝I/R急性期NO与内皮素-1(endothelin-1, ET-1)之间平衡关系的动态改变及其与肝I/R损伤的关系以及IPC对肝的保护作用是否与其对NO/ET-1系统的调节作用有关却研究得不多。本实验在鼠肝I/R模型 (Pringle's maneuver)上对此进行观察和研究。
材料和方法
一、动物分组及模型复制
Wistar大鼠共分3大组,即:假手术(sham operation)对照组(S组)(n=6)、肝缺血再灌注组(I/R组)及肝缺血预处理+肝缺血再灌注组(IPC+I/R组),I/R组及IPC+I/R组根据肝再灌注时间不同又分为A、C、D 3组(n=6),分别代表肝缺血40 min再灌注5 min(I40 min/R5 min)、I40 min/R60 min、I40 min/R120 min 3个时点。动物用1%戊巴比妥钠50 mg/kg腹腔注射麻醉,为缓解实验所致血容量不足,开腹前30 min所有动物由股静脉缓慢注入林格氏液(6 mL/kg)。取腹正中切口进腹,S组仅解剖肝十二指肠韧带而不阻断,I/R组解剖肝十二指肠韧带后用无损伤血管夹夹闭肝十二指肠韧带(Pringle's maneuver)以阻断肝动脉、门静脉血流40 min,再灌注时移去血管夹,恢复肝动脉、门静脉血流。IPC+I/R组先予以缺血预处理,即阻断肝十二指肠韧带5 min,放开5 min,反复3回,然后模型复制同I/R组,I/R组及IPC+I/R组均于再灌注不同时间结束实验。所有动物术前禁食12 h,自由饮水。
二、样品的采集
各组动物于实验结束时,经肝下下腔静脉穿刺至近肝静脉处抽血用于NO-2/NO-3、ET-1、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α)及谷丙转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase, ALT)、谷草转氨酶(aspartate aminotransferase, AST)、乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase, LDH)水平的测定,分别取肝右叶组织两块,各约100mg用于肝组织三磷酸腺苷(adenosine triphosphate, ATP)及丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA)含量测定,取部分肝组织固定于10%福尔马林溶液中。另取S组、I/R-D组 、IPC+I/R-D组大鼠肝组织(>100 mg)迅速置液氮中保存,用于逆转录聚合酶链式反应(reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, RT-PCR)检测是否有诱生性一氧化氮合酶(inducible nitric oxide synthase, iNOS)mRNA表达。
三、样品的检测及观察
(一)血浆NO-2/NO-3含量的测定采用硝酸还原酶法,试剂盒购自南京建成生物工程研究所。
(二)血浆ET-1含量的测定采用放射免疫法,试剂盒购自北京东亚免疫技术研究所。
(三)血浆ALT、AST、LDH含量的测定用HITACHI 7170A自动分析仪测定。
(四)血浆TNF-α含量的测定采用液相竞争法,试剂盒购自北京东亚免疫技术研究所。
(五)肝组织ATP含量的测定采用生物发光法,荧光素酶购于中科院上海植物研究所,ATP-Na2为德国BM公司产品,发光仪为LKB [125I]-Luminometer (Finland)。
(六)肝组织MDA含量的测定采用硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)法,试剂盒购自南京建成生物工程研究所。
(七)肝组织学观察福尔马林固定肝组织标本送本院病理科,石蜡包埋,HE染色,光镜下观察并摄片。
(八)RT-PCR测定S组、I/R-D组及IPC+I/R-D组肝组织内是否有 iNOS mRNA表达。
1.试剂与仪器:iNOS引物由美国Promega公司合成,序列如下:iNOS:上游引物PE: 5′-ATG GCT TGC CCT GGA AGT TTC TC-3′,下游引物PR:5′-CCT CTG ATG GTG CCA TCG GGC ATC TG-3′,PCR产物的大小为856 bp。内对照G3PDH引物由GIBCOBRL公司合成,序列如下:G3PDH:上游引物PE:5′-TCC CTC AAG ATT GTC AGC AA-3′,下游引物PR:5′-AGA TCC ACA ACG GAT ACA TT-3′,PCR产物的大小为309 bp。Taq DNA合成酶(德国BM公司);逆转录酶(德国BM公司);dNTP(美国Promega公司);oligo(dT)(美国Promega公司);PCR扩增仪(美国PE公司,9600型)。
2.RT-PCR测定上述肝组织中是否有iNOS mRNA表达。肝组织mRNA的提取采用异硫氰酸胍法,取提取的mRNA 1 μL逆转录成cDNA,将逆转录获得的cDNA 5 μL进行DNA扩增,具体条件为:94℃ 2 min后,94℃ 10 s-65℃ 30 s-68℃ 45 s,共35个循环。所获得的PCR扩增产物作1.5%琼脂糖凝胶电泳,肉眼观察并照相。将上述照片在计算机上扫描并判断是否有iNOS mRNA表达。
四、统计处理
实验数据以平均值±标准差(±s)表示,数据在Legend959P电脑上用Excel 97分析,组间比较采用t检验。
