Function of thyrotropin receptor of rat fat cells
LIN Ling,Kazutaka HARAGUCH1,Hiroki SHIMURA1,Toyoshi ENDO1,Toshimasa ONAYA1
Department of Internal Medicine,Second Affiliated Hospital,Fujian Medical University,Quanzhou (362000)
1The Third Department of Internal Medicine,Yamanashi Medical University,Tamaho,Yamanashi 409-38,Japan
Abstract AIM: The functional expression of thyrotropin (TSH) receptor (TSHR) in nonthyroid tissues is contraversial.In order to clarify the issue,effects of TSH and Graves' IgG on rat fat cells were investigated.METHODS:Isolated fat cells were prepared by the method of Rodbell.cAMP and glycerol were measured using commercial kits.Solubilization of TSHR was carried out as described by Smith et al.TBII assay was carried out by a commercial kit.RESULTS:One mU/mL of TSH increased cAMP formation and glycerol release by isolated rat fat cells.The addition of adenosine caused TSH dose- response curves of both cAMP formation and glycerol release shift to the right.Graves' IgG inhibited [125 I]-TSH binding to TSHR in rat fat membrane and also stimulated cAMP formation in isolated fat cells.CONCLUSION:TSHR is functionally expressed in rat fat cells and its biological effects are exerted by activation of adenylate cyclase.
MeSHReceptors,thyrotropin; Fats; Thyrotropin
促甲状腺激素(thyrotropin, TSH)受体在决定甲状腺功能中起关键作用,是一种甲状腺特异性蛋白质。但是最近研究发现TSH受体mRNA表达于数种甲状腺外组织,如淋巴细胞、球后组织的成纤维细胞[1~4]。我们先前应用Western印迹法证实球后组织的脂肪细胞存在TSH受体[3];后来又报告从大鼠脂肪细胞克隆了全长的TSH受体cDNA,且脂肪细胞TSH受体mRNA水平及受体数目与甲状腺细胞的TSH受体mRNA水平及受体数目相仿[4]。为了阐明脂肪细胞TSH受体的功能,本文探讨TSH及Graves'IgG对脂肪细胞的作用。
材料和方法
一、细胞准备:
取6周龄的Sprag-Dawley大鼠的附睾脂肪垫15 g。根据Rodbell方法[5]分离脂肪细胞。将脂肪组织剁成细块悬浮于含10 mmol/L Hepes pH7.4及 1%牛血清白蛋白(bovine serum albumin,BSA)片段V的Krebs-Ringer重碳酸盐(Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate,KRB)缓冲液中。在一些实验中添加2 U/mL的腺苷脱氨酶(adenosine deaminase,ADA)。加入1 mg/mL的胶原酶I于37℃孵育45 min完成水解。用2.5 mm的尼龙网过滤脂肪细胞。经600×g离心10 s共3次后,上浮脂肪细胞用于实验。
二、cAMP含量及甘油浓度测定:
将脂肪细胞在含有牛TSH、纯化的Graves'IgG和4%BSA的KRBH缓冲液(pH7.4)中 37℃孵育30 min。Graves'IgG用免疫纯IgG纯化试剂盒(PIERCE,Rockford,IL.USA)进行纯化。反应培养基中含4%(V/V)脂肪细胞混悬液。加入0.5 mmol/L EDTA(pH7.4)终止孵育并立即煮沸细胞[6]。cAMP含量用试剂盒(Yamasa,Shoyu CO.Japan.)测定。
含4%(V/V)大鼠脂肪细胞的甘油分析缓冲液(Dulbecco's改良Eagles培养基DMEM)0.3 mL,37 ℃孵育30 min。该培养基含10 mmol/L Hepes(pH7.4)、1%BSA及1 mmol/L异丁基甲黄嘌呤(isobutyl methyl xanthine,IBMX),不含酚及丙酮酸盐。孵育后,立即收集培养基,65℃加热10 min。应用甘油分析试剂盒“Glycerol-F”(Boehringer Mannheim,Mannheim,FDR)测定释放到培养基中的甘油浓度。
三、TSH受体溶脱及TSH结合抑制免疫球蛋白(TBII)分析:
TSH受体溶脱按Smith等的方法进行[7]。简言之,新鲜获得的脂肪组织在4℃ 10 mmol/L(pH7.5)Tris-HCl缓冲液中制成匀浆,Tris-HCl缓冲液中含有1 mmol/L苯甲基硫酰氟化物(phenylmethyl-sulfonylfloride,PMSF),1 μg/mL抗生素leupeptin及3 mmol/L EDTA。10 000×g离心20 min后,沉淀物再混悬,用上述缓冲液洗3遍。粗制的脂肪细胞膜片段用含有0.5%(V/V)Triton X-100(10 mmol/L pH7.5)的Tris-HCl缓冲液及50 mmol/L NaCl混悬。混悬液在4℃中孵育30 min后10 000×g离心60 min。所得上清液含已溶脱TSH受体。TSH结合抑制免疫球蛋白(TSH binding inhibitor immunoglobulin,TBII)分析用试剂盒测试(Diagnostics CO.,Tokyo)。
结果
一、TSH对大鼠脂肪细胞cAMP形成及甘油释放的作用:
如图1所示:在ADA存在时,1 mU/mL的TSH刺激cAMP形成(A)及甘油释放(B)(分别为基础值的152%及183%);不存在ADA时,cAMP形成及甘油释放的剂量-反应曲线向右移,需要更高浓度的TSH刺激。表明TSH对大鼠脂肪细胞有脂肪分解效应,同时也提示:内源性腺苷是脂肪细胞对TSH反应低下的部分原因。
Fig1 Effect of TSH on cAMP formation and glycerol release in isolated rat fat cells.Data are presented as the average value of triplicate samples图1TSH对游离脂肪细胞cAMP形成及甘油释放的作用
二、Graves'IgG对于[125 I]-TSH结合已溶脱大鼠脂肪细胞膜的作用:
比较Graves'IgG对[125I]-TSH与已溶脱大鼠脂肪细胞膜及已溶脱猪甲状腺细胞膜结合的抑制作用。如图2所示:多数Graves'IgG(5/6)特异性抑制[125I]-TSH与大鼠脂肪细胞膜的结合,尽管抑制作用不像对猪甲状腺细胞膜的结合抑制那么强。平均TBII活性在脂肪细胞为14.0%,而在甲状腺细胞为45.7%。6例Graves'病患者(patient 1~6.P1~P6)血清在上述两种不同细胞中呈现的TBII活性强度顺序大致相似:在大鼠脂肪细胞中由强到弱的顺序为P4→P1→P3→P2→P6→P5,类似于猪甲状腺细胞中的抑制活性(P4→P1→P3→P6→P2→P5)。本实验结果证实已溶脱大鼠脂肪细胞膜本身具有TBII的结合特性。
Fig 2 Effects of Graves' IgGs(patients 1~6,P1~P6) on [125I]-TSH binding to solubilized rat fat and porcine thyroid cell membranes
the inhibitory activity of TBII was calculated as follows: TBII(%)=[1-(radioactivity of sample-radioactivity of nonspecific binding/radioactivity of negative control-radioactivity of nonspecific binding)]×100
normal IgG(N) was prepared from the pooled sera of 5 normal subjects图2Graves'IgG对于125I-TSH结合已溶脱大鼠脂肪细胞膜及猪甲状腺细胞膜的作用
三、甲状腺刺激性抗体对大鼠脂肪细胞的作用:
应用大鼠脂肪细胞研究7例Graves'病患者及5名正常人的甲状腺刺激性抗体(TSAb)的活性。比较了大鼠脂肪细胞及转染了人TSHR的中国仓鼠卵巢(Chinese hamster ovary,CHO)细胞对TSAb的反应性。如图3所示:在hTSHR-CHO细胞中具有高度TSAb活性的4例Graves' IgG(2 274±1 360)%在大鼠脂肪细胞中也显示了TSAb活性(223%到4 843%;平均(1 489±1 120)%;3例低滴定度(257±13)%的Graves' IgG在大鼠脂肪细胞中不显示TSAb活性。这些结果提示:高滴定度TSAb对大鼠脂肪细胞呈现有意义的刺激作用。
fig 3 Effects of thyroid-stimulating antibody on rat epididymal fat cells and hTSHR-transfected CHO cells.Thyroid-stimulating antibody activity was calculated as follows:TSAb(%)=(cAMP increase in the presencc of test IgG/cAMP increase in the presence of normal contr
