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HIV-1感染者外周血单个核细胞缺损病毒基因的研究

2022-07-29
来源:求医网
[摘要] 目的:研究HIV-1感染者缺损HIV-1 DNA的特性。方法:用长片段PCR法(LD-PCR)研究分析HIV-1感染者外周血单个核细胞(peripheral blood mononuclear, PBMCs)和体外培养感染淋巴细胞中HIV-1基因特征,使用位于HIV-1 DNA链两端的LTR(U5)、LTR(R)为引物,插入有全长HIV-1基因片段的大肠杆菌质粒PNL4-3等为标准对照,并对部分标本克隆测序。结果:经扩增9.1 kb是LD-PCR的主要产物,但在10例HIV-1感染者中有9例PBMCs检测出大小不一、范围较广的缺失HIV-1基因片段,经用基因探针杂交,发现近HIV-1基因中心部位缺失频率增加,缺失结合点常存在3~4个核苷酸短片段直接重复,体外培养中HIV-1基因缺损量减少,完整和缺失基因的存在与培养中病毒分离的时间密切相关。结论:HIV-1感染者PBMCs中存在大量HIV-1基因重组和缺损片段。

[中图分类号] R512.91[文献标识码] A[文章编号] 1000-1530(2000)04-0374-04

Character of viral genomes in peripheral blood mononuclear of HIV-1 infected persons

XU Xiao-Yuan

(Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing100034, China)

CHEN Li

(Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing100034, China)

SI Chong-Wen

(Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing100034, China)

WANG Qin-Huan

(Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing100034, China)

Jean-Claude Chermann

(Unite de Rechercher sur les Retrovirus et Maladies Associees, INSERM U322)

ABSTRACTObjective: To study the character of defective HIV-1 DNA genomes of HIV-1 infected persons.Methods: HIV-1 DNA was amplified by long-distance PCR (LD-PCR) from lymphocytes infected in vitro and peripheral blood mononuclears (PBMCs) in individuals infected. As primers located between both long terminal repeats LTR(U5)-LTR(R), controls were pNL4-3 with full-length HIV-1 genomes which was inserted to plasmid prepared in E.coli and several examples were cloned and sequenced etc.Results: 9.1 kb band was the major LD-PCR product. However,defected HIV-1 genomes of variable size were extensively detected in PBMCs of 9/10 HIV-1 infected persons. Using oligonucleotide probes the frequency of deletions was found to increase with their proximity to the center of the HIV-1 genome. Short direct repeat of three or four nucleotides was present at the deletion junctions in analyzing further detail; the quantity of defective HIV-1 genomes decreased after in vitro; persistence of defective genomes and full-length in vitro correlated with the time of isolation of infectious virus.Conclusion: All this showed a great number of intragenomic rearrangements in HIV-1 genomes and defective genomes accumulated in PBMCs of persons infected.

KEY WORDSHIV-1; Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; Monocytes; Gene deletion; Genes, viral

(J Beijing Med Univ, 2000,32:374-377)

艾滋病病毒(human immunodeficiency virus, HIV)是一种RNA逆转录病毒,其基因组由 RNA 向 DNA 反向转录,再由 DNA 向 RNA 正向转录的过程均是由病毒本身逆转录酶所催化,该酶无核酸外切酶活性,不能把错配的核苷酸从已生成的核苷酸链上切除,也不能修补为逃避免疫攻击适合生存环境而缺损部分片段的核苷酸链,含有缺损基因片段的病毒叫缺损病毒,机体免疫系统不能清除含有无表达功能的HIV缺损病毒细胞[1~3],因此,研究缺损HIV基因片段,观察HIV缺损的特征,了解HIV缺损的影响因素,有助于进一步阐明HIV致病机制、母婴传播的原因,同时也有利于更好地进行抗HIV治疗。

1材料与方法

1.1标本

10例HIV-1血清学阳性的住院患者(法国马赛市St.Marquetite医院),年龄21~54岁。一般病毒学特征如表1所示,两人存活超过10年(SUFED,QEUNE)属无症状感染者。

表1HIV-1 感染者一般病毒学特征

Table 1Characteristics of HIV-1 infected individuals

No. Code Sex Age

(years) HIV

positivity(Y) Antiviral

therapy CD4 cell

(μl) Decline of

CD4>50%/Y gag copies/

μg DNA PBL virus

isolation 1 CESMO M 34 ND + 87 + 3 + 2 NIPDJ F 38 1991 - 234 - 300 - 3 NIDIW F 30 1990 + 199 - 60 + 4 WOEKI M 54 1985 - 450 - 3 + 5 FOCEP F 35 1993 - 328 - - - 6 SUFDE F 32 1985 - 610 - 25 - 7 TEMAE M 21 1992 - 1075 - - - 8 QEUNE M 34 1985 - 813 - 60 - 9 HETNE F 45 1991 - 433 - 30 - 10 FYNWO M 26 1984 + 23 + 3 +

1.2细胞培养和病毒分离

HIV-1阳性PBMCs通过Ficoll-Hypaque梯度离心分离,去除单核白细胞的淋巴细胞用植物血凝素处理3 d。病毒产物按Barre-Sinoussi法检测[4]。PNL4-3为插入有全长HIV-1基因片段的大肠杆菌质粒,HIV-PAR为从患有急性脑膜炎HIV-1血清学阳性患者脑脊液中分离的病毒株,在一健康脐带血淋巴细胞中(cord blood lymphocytes, CBL)传代,HIV-1 LAV为B亚型原型病毒株,在外周血淋巴细胞(peripheral blood lymphocytes, PBL)中传代。

1.3PCR扩增病毒DNA

5×106细胞经100mmolL-1 NaCl,10mmolL-1Tris-HCl (pH7.6)10 mmolL-1 EDTA和10gL-1Sarcosyl缓冲液溶解,每亳升加100μg蛋白酶K,56℃孵育过夜,经酚提纯,酒精沉淀后,DNA溶解于TE或水中,光密度260nm波长确定浓度,将1μgDNA标本加1.75u lD-PCR酶(Boehringer Mannheim公司产品),在50 μl反应体积中含有50 mmolL-1 Tris-HCl(pH 9.2),14 mmolL-1(NH4)2SO4,1.75mmolL-1 MgCl2,A,T,C,G各350μmolL-1,15pmol顺向引物LTR(U5)(序列为5'-GTCTGTTGTGTGACTCTGGT-3'nt112-131,本文所提的全部碱基序列与Bukrinsky等所述的HIV-1 LAI序列一致[5],逆向引物LTR(R)(5'-GAGGCTTAAGCAGTGGGTTC-3'nt9185-9204),PCR为40个循环。变性15 s 94℃,退火30 s 55℃,延长8 min 68℃,每个循环不延长时间,最后为7 min 68℃,每份标本至少重复3次。普通PCR法使用Tag酶,引物gagA1(5'-GATTTAAACACCA-TGCTAAACACAGTGG-3'nt882-909顺向),gagA2(5'-TTTGGTCCCTGTCTTATGTCCAAAATGC-3',nt1177-1204逆向),为避免可能存在的污染,全部PCR过程在PCR室进行与其它PCR隔离,阳性对照在PCR室外进行。

1.4PCR结果分析

用Southern blot转印杂交,杂交探针用32P标记5'-NCS (5'-TTGCTGAAGCGCGCACGGCAA-3'nt249-269顺向NDK-1),gag (5'-TTTGTTCCTGA-AGG