中国图书资料分类法分类号R737.33
Relationships between the mutation of K-ras gene exon 1
and the clinical conditions of endometrial carcinoma
ZHOU Rong, GUI Li-Ming, WEI Li-Hui, GUO Cai-Xia, FU Qi, YU Xing
(Department of Gynecology, People's Hospital, Beijing Medical University, Beijing100044)
ABSTRACTObjectives:To detect the mutation rate of exon 1 of the K-ras gene (including codons 12 and 13) and clinical significance of such mutations in Chinese patients suffering from endometrial carcinoma, to disclose the relationships between the mutation and the clinical history, the clinical states, as well as the prognosis.Methods: Surgical treatments were given to 37 cases of endometrial carcinoma. DNA's were extracted from the formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections (6 of them had frozen sections simultaneously) and then amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for K-ras gene exon 1 (including codons 12 and 13). Single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) with silver staining was taken to analyze the mutation.Results: 12 cases of endometrial carcinoma were found to have exon 1 mutation of K-ras with the mutant rate being 32.4%. There were statistically higher mutation rates in stage Ⅲ or adenosquamous type, and more cases were in low grade, myometrial invasion (over 1/2), and menopause. Similar results were obtained in paraffin-embedded and frozen sections.Conclusion: The mutation rates of K-ras oncogene in the Japanese and American were different as reported before. The mutation rate was similar to that of the Japanese and was more frequent than that of the American. It suggests: (1)Such difference may also exist between the Asian and American. (2)Different genetic background, living conditions and endogenous or exogenous estrogen may affect the mutation rate of K-ras oncogene, which possibly influence the different clinical and pathological conditions.
MeSH Endometrial neoplasms/genetK-ras☆Point mutationGenes, ras
子宫内膜癌的发病率在全球范围内均有增高趋势,严重威胁广大妇女的健康。随着分子生物学技术的发展,90年代以来国外一些学者开始研究K-ras基因与子宫内膜癌的关系,并且发现日本和美国患者在该基因的突变率和突变特征上均有明显差异,而在基因与临床表现的关系上说法不一。本研究旨在了解我国子宫内膜癌患者中该基因的突变率及其与临床表现的关系,并与日、美两国患者比较。
1材料与方法
1.1临床资料
标本取自1993年9月~1997年8月于本院手术治疗的子宫内膜癌患者37例。
一般情况:平均发病年龄55.9岁(38~77岁),16人未绝经。2例于术前接受双侧髂内动脉灌注化疗和腔内照射放疗2次。
组织类型:腺癌27例,腺鳞癌7例,腺棘癌2例,浆乳癌1例。
细胞分级:G111例,G213例,G313例。
侵肌深度:侵肌低于1/2的19例,侵肌1/2及以上18例。
手术分期(1988年FIGO):Ⅰ期23例,Ⅱ期6例,Ⅲ期8例。术后根据病情常规放疗和激素治疗,随访4~21个月。
1.2实验方法
子宫离体后制备石蜡标本37例,其中3例同时制备冰冻标本。
石蜡标本脱石蜡,加入DNA提取液Ⅱ[Tris·Cl (pH 7.6)10mmol·L-1, 6.5g·L-1NP40,氯化钠150 mmol·L-1,氯化镁1.5mmol·L-1]和蛋白酶K(200 mg·L-1),裂解消化后得裂解液;冰冻标本加入RNA酶,DNA提取液Ⅰ[Tris·Cl (pH 8.0) 10mmol·L-1,EDTA (pH 8.0) 0.1mmol·L-1, 5g·L-1 SDS,RNase A 20 mg·L-1]和蛋白酶K裂解消化后,酚/氯仿抽提得模板DNA。
聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增目的基因片段:在30μl体系中,两个引物各1μmol·L-1(上游5′ACTGAATATAAACTTGTGGTAGTTGGACCT,下游5′CAAAGAATGGTCCTGGACCA,dNTP 80μmol·L-1),镁离子1.5mmol·L-1,Taq DNA 聚合酶0.3U,模板DNA 1μl(或c-K-ras野生型基因探针0.025μg),预变性95℃,5min。按变性94℃,45s;退火50℃,45s;延伸72℃,20s,循环30次后,取5μl扩增产物和1μl上样缓冲液,80g·L-1聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳银染显色鉴定产物(图1)。扩增片段156bp,含K-ras基因第1外显子中第2~37密码子的碱基序列。必要时行二次扩增,条件同前。以上每次扩增均同时有1管不加模板的阴性对照。
1, the frozen section of No. 14; 2, the paraffin embedded section of No.14; 3, the control; 4, c-K-ras probe; M, marker PBR/Hae Ⅲ.
图1K-ras基因第1外显子(含第12,13密码子)扩增基因片段
Figure 1Screening for PCR products of exon 1
(including coden 12 and 13) of K-ras
单链构像多态性(SSCP)分析点突变:取PCR扩增产物20 μl,等体积加入变性载样缓冲液。加热变性10 min,快速置于冰上冷却60 min,稍离心,快速加样。80 g·L-1非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,4 ℃恒温,100 V电压,4~6h,以溴酚蓝到达阳极底边为止。银染显色(图2)。与野生型c-K-ras基因泳动条带不同者为阳性。
1,6, and 9 are the positive samples (the arrows showing the difference); 2,7, and 10 are the negative samples; 3,4, and 5 are the unsatisfied image for the low products of the amplification; 8 is the c-K-ras probe; M is the marker PBR/HaeⅢ.
图2K-ras基因第1外显子(含第12,13密码子)
点突变检测结果(SSCP-银染)
Figure 2The mutation of exon 1(including coden 12 and 13)
of K-ras (SSCP-silver stained)
1.3统计分析
检测结果与临床资料(包括组织类型,细胞分化,临床分期,侵肌深度,绝经以及口服避孕药物等)进行χ2检验。
2结果
37例子宫内膜癌中12例有c-K-ras基因第1外显子的点突变,突变率为32.4%。早期(Ⅰ,Ⅱ期)突变患者有8例,Ⅲ期突变患者有4例,P<0.05。
突变患者中腺癌5例(5/27, 18.5%),腺鳞癌5例(5/7, 71.4%),P<0.05。
在G3患者中突变率为46.2%(6/13例),而G1~2患者中为16.7% (4/24例)。
侵肌深度在1/2及以上者有7例患者(7/18,38.9%)发生突变;小于1/2者有5例患者(5/19,26.3%)发生突变。
7例绝经患者(7/21,33.3%)检测出突变,3例未绝经患者(3/16,18.8%)检出突变。
在随访的4~21个月中,1例失访,其余全部存活。12例突变阳性患者中1例7个月后复发。
3讨论
3.1子宫内膜癌的发病现状
在过去20年里,子宫内膜癌的发病率持续上升。一般认为,子宫内膜癌的发病率以北美和北欧地区为高,而亚洲、中南美洲地区较低[1]。
