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医学生人格特征及其与学习成绩的关系

2022-07-29
来源:求医网
摘要目的了解医科大学学生个性特征及其与学习成绩的关系。方法采用艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)对一年级学生358人进行测试。结果EPQ量表显示,女生L维度均分低于男生;城市学生E维度均分高于农村学生;男生E、L维度高于全国常模,N维度低于全国常模;女生N、L维度低于全国常模;男、女生N维度低于全国常模。方差分析表明,考试成绩优良组L维度低于成绩较差组。偏相关系数显示,考试成绩与L维度呈正相关,与P维度呈负相关,而与E、N无相关性。城乡和性别对学习成绩无影响。结论医学生情绪稳定,男生外向,女生较为坦白。稳定的情绪和低精神质均有利于学习成绩的提高。

自由词学习成绩;艾森克个性问卷

中图分类号R395

文献标识码A文章编号1000-1492(2000)02-0128-03

Medical undergraduates personality and

its relationship with their scores

Xiao Shenglong,Cheng Shuangning,Meng Xiuhong

(Dept of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University,Hefei230032)

AbstractObjectiveTo learn about the personality and its effects on scores among the medical undergraduates. Methods358 freshmen in medical university were asked to answer the questionnaire containing the EPQ scale. ResultsEPQ scale showed that, the scores of female students were lower than those of males in L sub-scale; the scores of urban students were higher than those of countrys in E sub-scale; the scores of male student were higher than those of the male normal population in E and L sub-scales, but the scores showed the reverse in N sub-scale; the scores of female students were lower than those of the female normal population in N and L sub-scales; both the males and the females scores were lower than normal population in N sub-scale. The scores of high-rank students were lower than those of low-ranks in L sub-scale by using analysis of variance; by using partial correlation, the rank in examination showed positive relationship with the L sub-scale,and the negative relationship with the P sub-scale, but the relationship with E and N sub-scales could not be accepted, the students gender and origin did not influence the academic mark. ConclusionThe mood of the medical undergraduates is relatively stable, the male tends to be extrovert and the female frank; The stable mood and the lower neuroticism is beneficial to improving their scores in examination.

MeSHstudents,medical;individuality

Free wordsacademic mark;EPQ有资料显示〔1~3〕,全国20%以上的大学生有程度不等的心理障碍,医学生更明显,其精神病的发病率高于其它院校,这不仅阻碍了个体身心的健康发展,而且阻碍了学习潜能的发挥。本研究运用艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)对本校临床医学专业本科一年级学生进行了一次调查,对其人格特征、学习成绩以及性别和城乡等多个指标进行调研分析,旨在掌握医学生个性特征,并找出影响医学生学习成绩的主要因素,为培养既具有扎实的专业理论和技能,又具有健全人格的医学人才提供科学依据。1对象与方法

1.1调查对象选择学习环境相同、考试科目和时间都相同的本校临床医学专业一年级学生358人。

1.2调查方法

1.2.1采用国内龚耀先等修订的《艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)》对上述学生进行问卷调查。共发出问卷358份,有效回收率100%。

1.2.2考试成绩以该学期各科考试平均成绩计算,分为三个等级:优良:80分以上;中等:65~80分;较差:65分以下。

1.2.3采用中文EPI(Ver 5.0)软件把全部数据输入计算机,进行t检验、方差分析、q检验、多元相关分析,所有统计分析采用SPSS(Ver 9.0)软件完成。

2结果

2.1一般情况调查学生年龄为17.6岁±1.7岁;男生248人,女生110人;其中城市244人,乡镇48人,农村66人。学生考试成绩呈正态分布,其分值为72.6±6.48。

2.2EPQ量表不同性别间比较,女生L维度均分低于男生,其余各维度差异无显著性,见表1。不同生源间比较,城市学生E维度均分高于农村学生,其余各维度无差异,且乡镇学生与城市学生和农村学生的各维度之间无差异,见表2。在与全国的常模比较中,男生E、L维度高于全国常模,N维度低于全国常模;女生N、L维度低于全国常模;男、女生N维度低于全国常模。见表1。

表1一年级学生不同性别EPQ量表各因子均分

与全国常模比较(±s)

组别 n P E N L 男生 248

5.82±2.81

11.56±4.64** 10.69±4.55* 12.85±5.0△△ 全国常模 5.96±2.84 10.63±4.44 11.26±4.26 12.17±

3.57 女生 110 5.23±

2.72 8.86±

3.81 10.79±

3.79 11.85±

3.20* 全国常模 4.92±

2.95 8.65±

4.49 13.06±

4.42 13.35±

3.63

t检验,与全国常模比较:*P<0.05,**P<0.01;与女生比较:△△P<0.01

表2城乡不同学生EPQ各量表均分比较(±s)

组别 n P E N L 城市 244

5.65±2.81

10.89±4.79**

10.56±4.28

12.57±4.52 乡镇 48 5.86±3.25 10.83±4.19 11.11±4.80 12.97±5.48 农村 66 5.47±2.39 10.18±3.98 11.06±4.20 12.16±4.16

q检验,城市与农村学生相比较:**P=0.0012.3与学习成绩关系的分析对不同考试成绩学生个性特征比较:E、N、P维度与学习成绩无相关关系,而在L维度中,优良、中等和较差三组之间差异有显著性(P<0.05);进一步作q检验,优良组L分明显低于较差组,见表3。对个性特征和学习成绩进行相关分析:以考试成绩为应变量,以EPQ的4个维度得分为自变量,进行多元线性相关分析。结果显示,L、P维度与考试成绩成正相关关系,差异有显著性(P<0.05),其余各维度与考试成绩无相关性。见表4。

表3不同考试成绩者EPQ各量表分均值比较(±s)

级别 n E N P L 优良 44

9.32±4.65

10.39±4.44

5.50±2.49

12.31±3.81 中等 277 11.02±4.44 10.81±4.23 5.52±2.64 12.31±4.29 较差 37 10.65±5.25 10.52±5.02 6.71±3.87 14.55±6.68 F 2.268 0.183 2.548 3.329 P 0.105 0.833 0.08 0.037

表4医学生个性特征与学习成绩的相关分析

EPQ维度 P E N