中图分类号R735.3;R394.2;R392.31
文献标识码A文章编号1000-1492(2000)01-0033-02
Expression of p53 and PCNA in coloscopic
biopsy specimens and their significances
Cao Liyu, Zhang Hongfu, Gong Xiyu et al
(Dept of Pathol, Anhui Medical University, Hefei230032)
AbstractObjectiveTo study the expression of p53 and PCNA in coloscopic biopsy specimens and their clinical significances.MethodsThe expressions of p53 and PCNA were examined by immunohistochemistry SP methods in 110 coloscopic biopsies. Among them,20 cases of adenocarcinoma were repeated immunohistochemically in the resected cancerous tisssues of the same patients.ResultsNo protein expression was observed in normal mucosa. The rates of p53 expression in adenomas and adenocarcinomas were 10% and 51.3% respectively. There was significant difference between adenomas and adenocarcinomas (P<0.01). Intense positive expressions of PCNA of adenocarcinomas were significant higher than that of adenomas (P<0.05), and it was related to the differentiation of adenocarcinomas. In 20 cases of biopsies in colorectal carcinoma. 7 cases were identified with p53 positive and 11 cases with PCNA intense expression,while 9 and 14 cases were identified with the same expression in the resected cancerous tissues of the same patients. The according rates were 90% and 85%.ConclusionOur date indicate that alteration of p53 gene and cell proliferation are involved mainly in colorectal carcinogenesis. Examinations of p53 protein and cell proliferative activity assist in the early diagnosis and evaluating prognosis of colorectal carcinomas.
MeSHColo rectal neoplasms/genetics; gene, p53; immunohistochemistry
p53基因是大肠癌发生中最常变化的基因〔1〕,在正常细胞中对细胞的增殖和分化起负调控作用。增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)是DNA聚合酶delta的辅助蛋白,对DNA复制起重要作用〔2〕。本文应用免疫组化方法检测肠镜活检标本及部分外科手术切除标本中p53和PCNA表达状况,以探讨p53蛋白表达及细胞增殖活性在大肠癌早期诊断及预后中的意义。
1材料与方法
1.1材料收集安徽医科大学第一附属医院病理科1992~1995年110例肠镜活检标本,腺瘤30例,腺癌80例,其中20例病理证实为腺癌者在本院行肠癌切除术。15例正常粘膜取自大肠癌手术切除标本,距肿块边缘5 cm以上。标本均用10%福尔马林固定,石蜡包埋,4 μm连续切片,分别作HE及免疫组化染色,HE切片按1981年《全国大肠癌病理协作研究规范》复诊。所有患者术前均未作放疗、化疗及免疫治疗。
1.2试剂及免疫组化方法鼠抗人p53(DO7)、PCNA(Pc10)单克隆抗体及SP免疫组化试剂盒为美国Zymed公司产品,均购自福建迈新公司,按试剂盒说明书操作,用PBS代替一抗作阴性对照,用已知大肠癌阳性切片作阳性对照。
1.3结果判断p53及PCNA阳性反应为核染呈黄或棕黄色颗粒,两人双盲法观察结果,按阳性细胞百分比p53分为:1%~30%(+)、31%~70%()、>70%()。PCNA分为四级,0~25%为Ⅰ级,26%~50%为Ⅱ级,51%~75%为Ⅲ级,>75%为Ⅳ级,其中Ⅰ~Ⅱ级为弱阳性,Ⅲ~Ⅳ级为强阳性。若两人判断结果相差10个百分点,则重新评定。
1.4统计学处理组间比较采用卡方检验和Fisher精确概率法。
2结果
2.1大肠正常粘膜、腺瘤及腺癌中p53及PCNA表达大肠正常粘膜p53表达阴性,腺瘤及腺癌中p53表达率分别为10%和51.3%,3例p53阳性的腺瘤均有腺体中~重度不典型增生,其阳性细胞仅限于个别腺体。腺癌p53阳性率高于腺瘤组(P<0.05),p53表达与大肠癌组织分化无关。正常粘膜PCNA局限于腺体下2/3区域呈弱阳性表达(Ⅰ~Ⅱ级),腺体上部及表面常表达阴性。大肠癌PCNA强阳性率(Ⅲ~Ⅳ级)高于腺瘤组。见表1。
表1大肠腺瘤及腺癌中p53及PCNA表达比较
组别 n p53 阳性率(%) PCNA 强阳性率(%) - +~ Ⅰ~Ⅱ Ⅲ~Ⅳ 正常粘膜 15 15 0
0 15 0
0 腺瘤 30 27 3
10.0 23 7
23.3 腺癌 高分化 34 16 18 52.9 14 20 58.8 中分化 30 16 14 46.7 8 22 73.3 低分化 16 7 9 56.3 3 13 81.3△ 总计 80 39 41 51.3* 25 55 67.5**
与腺瘤相比,*P<0.05,**P<0.01;与高分化腺癌相比,△P<0.052.2大肠癌活检标本与其外科手术标本p53及PCNA表达比较20例大肠癌活检标本p53阳性率为35%(7/20),PCNA强阳性率为55%(11/20),相同患者其大肠癌外科手术标本p53阳性率为45%(9/20),PCNA强阳性率为70%(14/20)。活检标本中无1例p53假阳性,2例活检标本p53阴性而手术标本阳性病例,1例为乳头状管状腺癌,1例为粘液腺癌。活检标本与手术标本p53及PCNA(Ⅲ~Ⅳ级)阳性表达总符合率分别为90%(18/20)和85%(17/20)。见表2、3。
表220例大肠癌活检标本与其手术切除标本p53表达比较
肠镜活检标本p53 n 外科手术标本p53 符合率(%) - +~ - 13 11 2 84.6 +~ 7 0 7 100表320例大肠癌活检标本与其手术切除标本PCNA表达比较
肠镜活检标本PCNA n 外科手术标本PCNA 符合率(%) Ⅰ~Ⅱ Ⅲ~Ⅳ Ⅰ~Ⅱ 9 6 3 66.7 Ⅲ~Ⅳ 11 0 11 1003讨论
目前认为利用免疫组化检测p53蛋白和PCNA表达能基本反映p53基因突变状况和细胞增殖活性。本研究结果显示:正常粘膜p53表达阴性,PCNA多位于腺体下2/3区域呈弱阳性表达。腺癌中p53蛋白表达率及PCNA强阳性率明显高于腺瘤组,p53表达与大肠癌临床病理因素无关,PCNA强阳性率在差分化腺癌高于分化腺癌组(P<0.05)。3例p53阳性腺瘤中,阳性细胞仅限于个别腺体,其PCNA呈弥漫性强阳性表达,腺体均有中~重度不典型增生。其中1例绒毛状腺瘤后经外科手术标本证实为腺瘤癌变。提示在大肠腺瘤癌序列中p53表达率逐渐增高,细胞增殖活性逐渐增强。检测腺瘤p53及PCNA表达状况有助于推测其生物学行为发展趋势及大肠癌的早期诊断。
为进一步证实活检组织中p53及PCNA表达的可靠性,我们同时检测了20例相同患者大肠癌手术切除标本中p53及PCNA的表达状况。结果显示:大肠癌手术切除标本中p53及PCNA强阳性表达率分别为45%(9/20)和70%(14/20),均略高于活检<
